小型模块化反应堆和先进反应堆废物管理.pdf

1、Success Stories You Can UseSuccess Stories You Can UseSMRs and Advanced Reactor Waste ManagementJoe Heckman,President of Waste Management,EnergySolutionsWaste Stream ConsiderationsWaste Stream C LWRsLWRs Similar in characteristics to existing fleet Direct experience with similar materials Expected V

2、olumes TBD GasGas-cooled Reactorscooled Reactors Potential for challenging waste streams in decommissioning(e.g.,graphite moderator when used)Some experience with waste streams through DOE and internationally Expected Volumes TBD SodiumSodium-cooled Reactors cooled Reactors Reactive metal coolant in

3、troduces waste management complexity Some experience in US(EBR-1,EBR-2,Fermi-1)Expected Volumes TBD FusionFusion H-3,activated metal dominate the waste streams Little operational experience Expected Volumes TBD3Waste HierarchyWaste HierarchyPrevent generation of waste through cross-contaminationCont

4、rol introduction of non-radioactive materials into controlled areasControl the storage and movement of radioactive materials to prevent interaction with non-radioactive materialsAvoidanceAvoidanceEmploy equipment for its intended purpose at another nuclear facilityDecontaminateSurgical removal to pr

5、eserve the viability of the equipmentRequires specific demand for the equipment at the time of decommissioningReuseReuseConvert material generated during decommissioning into useful productsMay require decontaminationBeneficial re-use of materials e.g.,metal meltCapture of valuable constituents from

6、 waste materialRecycleRecycleEmploy improved characterization methods or strategies to reduce waste categorySpecialized equipmentAdditional samplingImproved counting statisticsReRe-CharacterizeCharacterizeEmploy technology to reduce the waste volumeDecontamina