冷水机组和冷凝机组中天然制冷剂和卤代制冷剂对气候和环境的影响.pdf

1、Climate and environmental impact of natural and halogenated refrigerants in chillers and condensing unitsDavid Behringer|ko-Recherche GmbH|20.05.2025Goal and methods of the study Assessing direct and indirect emissions of different refrigerants with GWP 750 in chillers and condensing units Refrigera

2、nt types:HFCs and mixtures of saturated and unsaturated HFCs,unsaturated HFCs and HCFCs(uH(C)FCs,also called HFOs and HCFOs),natural refrigerants Analysis of technical data sheets Comparable conditions(according to Regulation(EU)2015/1095 and Regulation(EU)2016/2281)Sampled always smallest and large

3、st system of each product line per manufacturer 81 air-cooled chillers,52 water-cooled chillers and 29 condensing units Operating temperature:High(process)/Low(comfort)for chillers and medium for condensing units TEWI(Total Equivalent Warming Impact)calculations2Green Cooling Summit 2025,20 21 May 2

4、0253TEWI calculationGreen Cooling Summit 2025,20 21 May 2025=+=+1 +:annual refrigerant leakage rate(%of per year)4.3%for chillers and 2.4%for condensing units:initial charge of the equipment(kg)from data sheets:operating years of the equipment 15 years for chillers and 12 years for condensing units:

5、global warming potential of the refrigerant based on IPCC AR4:recovery rate of the refrigerant at the end of life of the equipment 80%:annual electrical energy demand(kWh per year)calculated by the product of the electrical power input in kW as stated in the technical data sheet and the assumed year

6、ly operating hours(5,190 h per year for chillers and 4,383 h per year for condensing units):CO2 emissions per kWh electrical energy 0.498 kg CO2e per kWh For current CO2 emissions per kWh electrical energy,TEWI is mainly driven by indirect emissions(efficiency is currently the relevant parameter)Air