R-290 空调和热泵的全球展望- 重点关注分体式.pdf

1、Global outlook on R-290 A/C and heat pumps-focus on split typeOle Reinholdt Nielsen,ko-Recherche,21 May 2025 First assembly line established in China more than 15 years ago(GIZ);Second line a couple of years later in India(GIZ);Several lines in China including compressor lines converted by MLF since

2、 2011;Few successful conversions outside China.01000002000003000004000005000006000007000008000002018201920202021202220232024Reported sales of split A/C in ChinaAccumulatedAnnual41R-290 split AC historyGreen Cooling Summit 2025,20 21 May 2025 Technical:Initially charge limitations due to IEC 60335-2-

3、40;Impact on energy efficiency and ability to make cooling/heating products;In 2022 an updated version was agreed and published;Safety mitigation measures enable larger charges.NO MORE TECHNICAL BARRIER!Regulatory:Initially no regulatory incentive to use R-290;Kigali Amendment to Montreal Protocol(2

4、016)leads the way globally;Revised f-gas regulation in EU with specific prohibitations:Max GWP for air-to-air split A/C below 12 kW will be 150 valid from 1/1-2029.REGULATORY REGIME FAR MORE SUPPORTIVE!42Barriers for market introductionGreen Cooling Summit 2025,May 20-21 High Ambient?Usually A/C in

5、so-called class T3 required;Obvious issue with R-410A and R-32;Operating envelope of R-290 larger and currently no T3 models are planned.43Another issueGreen Cooling Summit 2025,May 20-21020406080100120R-22R-410AR-32R-290Critical temperature deg.C Market dominated by monoblocks(air to water);Require

6、s water-based heating system;Relatively easy installation;Split type heat pumps(air to air)are slowly coming;Installation requires refrigerant handling;More direct heat transfer and hence,good energy efficiency.44Heat pump split type?Green Cooling Summit 2025,