能源环境

中英金融机构气候与环境信息披露试点2019年度进展报告（中文版）（77页）.pdf

1中英金融机构气候与环境信息披露试点 2019年度进展报告 中英金融机构 气候与环境信息披露试点 2019年度进展报告 2中英金融机构气候与环境信息披露试点 2019年度进展报告 试点参与机构 试点牵.

2019-12-01 77页 5星级

国际能源署（IEA）：2019年全球能源效率报告（英文版）（110页）.pdf

国际能源署将能源效率视为所有能源转换的“第一燃料”。我们的高效世界战略发表在去年的这份报告中，它提供了一份蓝图，说明仅凭能源效率就可以使能源部门的温室气体排放在2020年之前达到峰值，从而实现可持续发.

2019-12-01 110页 5星级

益普索：2019中国室内居住环境健康舒适调研报告(22页).pdf

2019中国室内居 住环境健康舒适 调研报告

2019-12-01 22页 5星级

国际能源署（IEA）：2019世界关键能源数据统计（英文版）（81页）.pdf

国际能源署(IEA)成立于1974年，旨在促进能源安全，并为其成员国和其他国家提供权威的能源分析。能源统计一直是并仍然是国际能源机构工作的核心。它们提供了对所有形式能源的能源生产、转化和最终使用的全面.

2019-12-01 81页 5星级

CEEP-BIT：2019年光伏及风电产业前景预测与展望（13页）.pdf

平价时代即将到来，风电也将开始通过竞价倒逼行业降成本和技术进步，上游供给受钢价和技术创新影响。2018 年 11 月，钢价指数下滑至 118.5，且技术进步带来毛利。叶片方面中材科技的市占率第一，发明.

2019-12-01 13页 5星级

中国氢能联盟：中国氢能源及燃料电池产业白皮书（2019版）（51页）.pdf

点击查看更多中国氢能联盟：中国氢能源及燃料电池产业白皮书（2019版）（51页）.pdf精彩内容。

2019-12-01 51页 5星级

保利投顾研究院：2019宏观形势及行业环境研究报告(15页).pdf

创 造 行 动 变 无 止 境 Make Change With Innovation 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 100% 101% 1.

2019-12-01 15页 5星级

世界自然基金会（WWF）：中国若干典型海岸垃圾简称研究报告2019[57页].pdf

评审专家：评审专家： 安立会安立会 中国环境科学研究院水环境研究所 研究员 硕士生导师 陈泓哲陈泓哲 自然资源部海洋三所海洋生态研究中心研究员 邓义祥邓义祥 中国环境科学研究院水环境研究所 研究员 .

2019-12-01 57页 5星级

2019年太阳能可利用等级报告PPT -Berkeley Lab（英文版）（41页）.pdf

BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Utility-Scale Solar Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost, Performance, and PPA Pricing in the United States 2019 Edition Mark Bolinger, Joachim Seel, Dana Robson Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory December 2019 This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under Solar Energy Technologies Office (SETO) Agreement Number 34158 and Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Presentation Outline 1. Solar deployment trends (and utility-scales relative contribution) 8. Future outlook 2 Key findings from analysis of the data samples (first for PV, then for CSP): 2.Project design, technology, and location 3.Installed project prices 4.Operation and maintenance (O c-Si modules led thin-film 7 PV project population: 690 projects totaling 24,586 MWACContinued dominance of tracking projects (69% of newly installed capacity) relative to fixed-tilt projects (31%). Thin-film projects are nearly exclusively using tracking now. c-Si modules continue their clear lead (72% of newly installed capacity) relative to thin-film modules (28%). Hanwha had the highest market share among c-Si modules in our sample, followed by Jinko, and Canadian Solar. First Solar provided 85% of all thin-film modules in 2018, the remainder supplied by Solar Frontier. BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Florida is the new national leader in utility-scale solar growth 8 PV project population: 690 projects totaling 24,586 MWAC The Southeast is the new growth engine of the US utility-scale solar market. It is led by Florida, now the largest annual market at 1010 MWACor 25% of national additions. Established player North Carolina added 472 MWAC. For the first time since 2011, California is not the state with the most capacity growth (981 MWAC). But it still accounts for 40% of the cumulative installed capacity of the country. Texas continues its solar growth with another year of 650 MWACand is the state with the third-most additions in 2018. The Southwest only added 160 MWACin 2018, and was surpassed by new installations in the Northwest (181 MWAC). BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Floridas growth was driven by the regulated utilities FPL and TECO, which added many fixed-tilt projects ( ). California only completed 10 projects, but these were large (up to 252 MWAC) and added a respectable 981 MW. Northwestern additions in 2018 were predominantly tracking projects ( ). In 2018, storage ( ) was added to already existing (3) and new (4) PV projects. 6 of these were built in high penetration/transmission-constrained regions in HI, CA, AZ and TX, while the 7this in relative newcomer state MN. 4 new states added their first utility-scale PV projects: Connecticut, Vermont, Washington and Wyoming. 9 Florida is the new national leader in utility-scale solar growth BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Utility-Scale Solar has become a growing source of electricity in all regions of the United States 10 Utility-Scale PV is now well-represented throughout the nation with the exception of Midwestern states in the “wind belt.” Fixed-tilt projects (in particular c-Si ) have been built in lower-insolation regions, primarily along the east coast. Tracking projects ( ) started out in the Southwest but have increasingly spread throughout the country, north to Washington, Idaho, and Minnesota, and northeast to Virginia. BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Utility-Scale Solar is increasingly built at lower-insolation sites 11 The median solar resource (measured in long-term global horizontal irradiance GHI) at new project sites has decreased since 2013 as the market expands to less- sunny states but stabilized in 2018. Fixed-tilt PV is increasingly relegated to lower-insolation sites (note the decline in its 80th percentile), while tracking PV is pushing into those same areas (note the decline in its 20th percentile). Exceptions are fixed-tilt installations in either windy regions (Florida) or on brown- fields / landfill sites. All else equal, the buildout of lower-GHI sites will dampen sample-wide capacity factors (reported later). BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov The median inverter loading ratio (ILR) continued to climb, especially for fixed-tilt projects 12 As module prices have fallen (faster than inverter prices), developers have oversized the DC array capacity relative to the AC inverter capacity to enhance revenue and reduce output variability. The median inverter loading ratio (ILR or DC:AC ratio) increased to 1.33 in 2018, though considerable variation remains (ranging from 1.14 to 1.59). Fixed-tilt PV has more to gain from a higher ILR than does tracking PV, and 2018 showed a new record lead for fixed-tilt installations (1.41 vs. 1.31 - driven by high ILR projects in Florida, CT, and MD). All else equal, a higher ILR should boost capacity factors (reported later). BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Median installed price of PV has fallen by nearly 70% since 2010, to $1.6/WAC($1.2/WDC) in 2018 13 PV price sample: 641 projects totaling 22,886 MWAC The lowest 20th percentile of project prices fell from $1.7/WAC($1.3/WDC) in 2017 to $1.3/WAC($0.9/WDC) in 2018. The lowest projects among the 60 data points in 2018 was $1.0/WAC ($0.7/WDC). Historical pricing sample is robust (99% of installed capacity through 2017). 2018 data covers 64% of new projects or 62% of new capacity. This sample is backward-looking and does not reflect the price of projects built in 2019/2020. BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Pricing distributions have narrowed and continuously moved towards lower prices over the last 7 years 14 Both medians and modes have continued to fall (i.e., shift towards the left) each year. Share of relatively high-cost systems decreases steadily each year while share of low-cost systems increases. Price spread is the smallest in 2018, pointing to a reduction in underlying heterogeneity of prices across all installed projects. PV price sample: 641 projects totaling 22,886 MWAC BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Within our sample, projects with trackers now have lower average upfront costs than fixed-tilt projects 15 PV price sample: 640 projects totaling 22,880 MWAC Through 2016, projects with tracking were regularly more expensive (though by varying amounts) than fixed-tilt projects in our sample on average. But in both 2017 and 2018, this historical relationship seemingly reversed, with average pricing in 2018 at $1.7/WAC ($1.3/WDC) for fixed-tilt projects vs. $1.6/WAC($1.2/WDC) for tracking projects. This apparent reversal may be driven by challenging construction environments for fixed-tilt projects (e.g., high wind loads, sensitive brown-field sites) as well as sampling issues. However, for any individual project, using trackers still likely has a higher CapEx than mounting at a fixed-tilt. Trackers can sustain some amount of higher upfront costs because they deliver more generation. BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Within our 2018 sample, large projects enjoy a 30% cost advantage over smaller projects 16 PV price sample for 2018: 60 projects totaling 2,499 MWAC Differences in project size could potentially explain pricing variation we focus only on 2018 for this analysis. Median price for the first and second size bin (5-50MWAC) is larger than for third and fourth size bin (50-200MWAC) - $1.74/WACvs. $1.32/WAC. In $/WDCterms cost decline is even more obvious over first three bins: $1.42/WDCfor 5-20MW $1.21/WDCfor 20-50MW $1.04/WDCfor 50-100MW BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Project prices vary by region, newcomers have lower prices 17 Price differences could be driven in part by technology ubiquity; other factors may include labor costs and share of union labor, land costs, terrain, soil conditions, snow and wind loads, and balance of supply and demand. The Northeast, Northwest and Southwest seem to be priced above the national median, while the Midwest, Southeast and Texas appear to be lower priced. Sample size outside of Southeast is very limited (Hawaii and California are excluded due to few observations), so these rankings should be viewed with some caution. Note: The regions are defined in the earlier slides with a map of the United States PV price sample for 2018: 60 projects totaling 2,499 MWAC BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Bottom-up models estimate lower prices than all-in cost reports 18 LBNLs top-down estimates reflect a mix of union and non-union labor and span a wide range of project sizes and prices ($0.7-$2.3/WDC). The median of our fixed-tilt price sample is higher than other price estimates, whereas the median of our tracking price sample falls within the range of other estimates. Some of the price delta may be due to differences in the defined system boundaries and time horizon (e.g. under construction vs. operation date). For example, GTM (Wood Mackenzie) represents only turnkey EPC costs and excludes interconnection, and transmission costs, as well as developer overhead, fees, and profit margins. Note: Prices are presented in $/WDCto enable comparison with estimates by NREL, BNEF, and GTM PV price sample for 2018: 60 projects totaling 2,499 MWAC BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs broaden in range 19 11 utilities report solar O&M costs for projects with 1 full operational year by 2018 and a mix of technologies (tracking vs. fixed tilt, module type). Average O&M costs for the cumulative set of PV plants have declined from about $32/kWAC-year (or $20/MWh) in 2011 to about $18/kWAC-year ($10.6/MWh) in 2018. Overall cost range among utilities has spread relative to earlier years as our sample has grown in 2018, perhaps reflecting different reporting practices by utilities. O&M Cost sample: 48 projects totaling 919 MWAC Cost Scope (per guidelines for FERC Form 1): Includes supervision and engineering, maintenance, rents, and training Excludes payments for property taxes, insurance, land royalties, performance bonds, various administrative and other fees, and overhead BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov 25.0% average sample-wide PV net capacity factor (cumulative), but with large project-level range from 12.1%-34.8% 20 Project-level variation in PV capacity factor driven by: Solar Resource (GHI): Strongest solar resource quartile has a 9 percentage point higher capacity factor than lowest resource quartile Tracking: Adds 2-5 percentage points to capacity factor on average, depending on solar resource quartile Inverter Loading Ratio (ILR): Highest ILR quartiles have on average 3 percentage point higher capacity factors than lowest ILR quartiles 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 1 ILR 2 ILR 3 ILR 4 ILR 1234123412341234123412341234 Fixed-TiltTrackingFixed-TiltTrackingFixed-TiltTrackingFixed-TiltTracking 1st Quartile Solar Resource2nd Quartile Solar Resource3rd Quartile Solar Resource4th Quartile Solar Resource Cumulative Net AC Capacity Factor Median Individual Project 32 projects, 369 MW 12 projects, 139 MW 19 projects, 326 MW 8 projects, 122 MW 9 projects, 124 MW 7 projects, 151 MW 11 projects, 367 MW 22 projects, 858 MW 20 projects, 478 MW 14 projects, 622 MW 31 projects, 808 MW 4 projects, 96 MW 5 projects, 855 MW 26 projects, 903 MW 43 projects, 2,336 MW 13 projects, 634 MW 12 projects, 684 MW 24 projects, 242 MW 6 projects, 152 MW 26 projects, 732 MW 6 projects, 153 MW 41 projects, 1,843 MW 28 projects, 1,514 MW 24 projects, 523 MW 3 projects, 336 MW 3 projects, 626 MW 12 projects, 160 MW 29 projects, 1,374 MW 6 projects, 973 MW 20 projects, 601 MW Sample includes 550 projects totaling 20.0GWACthatcame online from 2007-2017 ILR QuartileILR QuartileILR QuartileILR QuartileILR QuartileILR QuartileILR QuartileILR Quartile 25 projects, 649 MW 9 projects, 275 MW BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Tracking boosts net-capacity factors by up to 5% in high-insolation regions 21 PV Performance sample: 550 projects totaling 20,024 MWAC Not surprisingly, capacity factors are highest in California and the Southwest, and lowest in the Northeast and Midwest. Although sample size is small in some regions, the greater benefit of tracking in the high-insolation regions is evident, as are the greater number of tracking projects in those regions. Note: The regions are defined in the earlier slides with a map of the United States 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% NortheastMidwestSoutheastTexasNorthwestHawaiiSouthwestCalifornia Average Cumulative Net AC Capacity Factor Fixed-Tilt Tracking 37 projects, 351 MW 1 project, 6 MW 17 projects, 242 MW 17 projects, 243 MW 2 projects, 44 MW 24 projects, 1,166 MW 72 projects, 1,912 MW 16 projects, 1,319 MW 4 projects, 43 MW 1 project, 28 MW 35 projects, 2,566 MW 140 projects, 6,041 MW 92 projects, 3,479 MW 21 projects, 407 MW 70 projects, 2,169 MW 1 project, 10 MW BerkeleyLabEMP Utility-Scale Solar 2019 Edition http:/utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov Since 2013, competing drivers have gradually reduced average capacity factors by project vintage 22 Recent flat-to-declining trend is not necessarily negative, but rather a sign of a market that is expanding geographically into less-sunny regions (as indicated by changes to GHI, portrayed both numerically and via shading intensity) Average capacity factors increased from 2010- to 2013-vintage projects due to an increase in: ILR (from 1.17 to 1.28) tracking (from 14% to 55%) average site-level GHI (from 4.97 to 5.32 kWh/m2/day) But trends in tracking and GHI were at odds from 2013- to 2016-vintage projects, resulting in capacity factor stagnation (on average) 2017-vintage projects match 2016- vintage on both ILR and tracking, but GHI has declined further, resulting in a 2 percentage point drop in average capacity factor (from 25.6% down to 23.6%) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 2010 7 0.14 2011 31 0.45 2012 37 0.89 2013 47 1.71 2014 52 2.78 2015 83 2.76 2016 155 7.56 2017 126 3.57 2018 Cumulative Mean Net AC Capacity Factor ILR: 1.17 Tracking: 14% GHI: 4.97 ILR: 1.23 Tracking: 49% GHI: 5.13 ILR: 1.18 Tracking: 52% GHI: 5.13 ILR: 1.28 Tracking: 55% GHI: 5.32 ILR: 1.29 Tracking: 63% GHI: 5.21 ILR: 1.32 Tracking: 75% GHI: 4.96 ILR: 1.30 Tr

2019-12-01 41页 5星级

能源基金会：中国2030和2050年传播干预低碳消费领域识别报告（2019）（99页）.pdf

前言前言 .1 1 一、居民消费一、居民消费 .2 2 （一）消费的分类.2（二）消费的统计与测算.3（三）居民消费碳排放比重处于不断上升的趋势.4 二、未来中国经济社会的发展目标二、未来中国经济社会.

2019-05-01 99页 5星级

中国核电：2018年企业社会责任报告（43页）.PDF

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2018-12-02 43页 5星级

中国光伏行业协会：2018年版中国光伏产业发展路线图（64页）.pdf

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2018-12-02 64页 5星级

广东省生态环境监测中心：粤港澳珠江三角洲区域空气监测网络2018年监测结果报告（38页）.pdf

粤港澳珠江三角洲粤港澳珠江三角洲 区域空气监测网络区域空气监测网络 2012018 8 年年 监测结果报告监测结果报告 报告编号报告编号 : : PRDAIRPRDAIR- -2012018 8- .

2018-12-02 38页 5星级

BCAA：2018中国环境空气质量管理评估报告（42页）.pdf

中国环境空气质量管理评估报告20181中国环境空气质量管理评估报告（2017）中国环境空气质量管理评估报告 (2018)2018年11月北京市朝阳区建外大街甲24号东海中心709电 话：+86-10-.

2018-12-02 42页 5星级

远卓：2018中国央企生态环保产业发展洞察报告（13页）.pdf

2018 年 7 月远卓绿色生态产业研究中心 2018 年 7 月远卓绿色生态产业研究中心 Insight & Foresight 远见卓识远见卓识整合、聚合、融合整合、聚合、融合中国央企生态环保产.

2018-12-02 13页 5星级

山东省新能源产业发展规划（2018-2028）（34页）.pdf

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2018-12-02 34页 5星级

中国科学院：2018石墨烯技术专利分析报告（184页）.pdf

2018 石墨烯技术专利分析报告 2018 石墨烯技术专利分析报告 2018 石墨烯技术专利分析报告石墨烯技术专利分析报告 作者: 王国华 刘兆平 周旭峰 汪伟 韩雪 马经博 Report on Pa.

2018-12-02 184页 5星级

广东省城市规划协会：2018广东省低碳生态城市规划建设指引（120页）.pdf

广东省低碳生态城市 规划建设指引 Guidelines for Low-Carbon Eco-City Planning&Construction in Guangdong Province .

2018-12-02 120页 5星级

华南美国商会：2018中国营商环境白皮书（535页）.pdf

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2018-12-02 535页 5星级

《上海绿色建筑发展报告（2018 ）》（120页）.pdf

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2018-12-02 120页 5星级