能源环境

ACIH：2019年全球碳纤维复合材料市场报告（47页）.pdf

第 1 页共 47 页 广州赛奥碳纤维技术有限公司 2019 全球碳纤维复合材料全球碳纤维复合材料 市场报告市场报告 2019 Global Carbon Fiber Composites Mark.

2019-12-02 47页 5星级

中国工业节能与清洁生产协会：绿色工厂典型案例2019年1.0版（83页）.pdf

点击查看更多中国工业节能与清洁生产协会：绿色工厂典型案例2019年1.0版（83页）.pdf精彩内容。

2019-12-02 88页 5星级

中国清洁空气政策伙伴关系：2019中国空气质量改善的协同路径（24页）.pdf

点击查看更多中国清洁空气政策伙伴关系：2019中国空气质量改善的协同路径（24页）.pdf精彩内容。

2019-12-02 24页 5星级

BP：2019世界能源统计年鉴（62页）.pdf

BP世界能源统计年鉴2019 | 第68版目录更多在线资源请登录 , 纸质版统计年鉴的所有图表均可在线上获取， 另有补充资源， 包括： ? 绘图工具： 根据能源类型、 区域、 国家和年份查看预制报告或.

2019-12-02 62页 5星级

CREA：2019中国空气污染报告（17页）.pdf

中国空气污染2019本文要点 今年冬天、京津冀和长三角地区取得了重大进展、两个地区都有望超额实现冬季目标。 由于冬季前三个月PM2.5浓度升高、汾渭平原无法实现冬季污染控制目标。 随着工业产值和化石燃.

2019-12-02 17页 5星级

碳阻迹：2019年绿化垃圾堆肥碳减排核算报告（44页）.pdf

绿化垃圾堆肥 碳减排核算报告 2019 碳阻迹（北京）科技有限公司 2019 年 5 月 2 摘要 本报告计算了万科西山庭院小区采用堆肥方式处理绿化垃圾的温室气体减排量。 与垃圾焚烧相比， 堆肥处理.

2019-12-02 44页 5星级

华南美国商会：2019中国营商环境白皮书（263页）.pdf

2019 White PaPeron the Business environment in China2019年中国营商环境白皮书The American Chamber of Commerce i.

2019-12-02 263页 5星级

自然资源部：2019年全国海水利用报告（29页）.pdf

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2019-12-02 29页 5星级

2019年PAN基碳纤维产业发展专题研究报告（28页）.pdf

1 PAN 基碳纤维基碳纤维产业发展产业发展专题专题研究研究报告报告 一、PAN 基碳纤维产业基碳纤维产业发展现状发展现状 （一一）国际国际 PAN 基基碳纤维产业碳纤维产业发展状况发展状况 1、国.

2019-12-02 28页 5星级

REN21：2019年全球城市可再生能源现状报告（英文版）（174页）.pdf

3REN21是唯一一个由科学、政府、非政府组织和工业界的行动者组成的全球可再生能源社区。我们提供最新的和同行评议的事实、数据和全球技术、政策和市场发展的分析。我们的目标:让决策者现在就向可再生能源过渡.

2019-12-02 174页 5星级

上海市住房和城乡建设管理委员会：上海绿色建筑发展报告（2019 ）（108页）.pdf

上海绿色建筑发展报告 2019 编委会 上海绿色建筑发展报告 （2019） 上海绿色建筑发展报告 2019 编委会 编委会编委会 主 任：黄永平 副主任：裴 晓 许解良 委 员：陈 宁 朱 雷 编制小.

2019-12-02 108页 5星级

埃克森美孚：2019年能源展望报告：展望2040年（英文版）（58页）.pdf

由于能源对人类发展至关重要，社会面临着双重挑战：向不断增长的人口提供可靠和负担得起的能源，同时减少环境影响，包括气候变化的风险。世界上相当一部分人口仍然缺乏能源，面临着被发达国家大多数人视为可怕的生活条件。获得现代能源可以提高社区的生活质量;它与提高预期寿命、减少贫困和营养不良以及提高儿童教育水平密切相关。随着越来越多的人口获得更多的能源，世界许多地区生活水平的提高将创造有史以来最大规模的全球中产阶级扩张，这意味着对住房、交通、电力、消费品和能源的需求将增加。我们面临的挑战是如何满足这一日益增长的需求，同时降低气候变化的风险。前景提供了2040的能源需求的投影，使用国际能源机构(IEA)和其他可靠的第三方来源作为基础。该预测基于技术、政策、消费者偏好、地缘政治和经济发展的可能趋势。虽然这些个人趋势可能会随着时间的推移而变化，但展望提供的快照有助于评估社会在应对双重挑战的两个方面所取得的进展。随着这些趋势的发展，我们将继续与众多利益相关者团体、经济学家和政策专家讨论我们的方法和结论。展望团队还考虑了同行评审工作中的各种敏感性和第三方场景，以提高我们对能源前景的理解。解决这一双重挑战将对每个国家的经济、能源安全和环境目标产生影响。通过与公众分享我们的观点，我们寻求扩大对世界能源系统的理解，并丰富关于切实可行的解决方案的对话。关于气候变化的巴黎协定宣布了各国政府在各自国家确定贡献(NDCs)中概述的减少温室气体(GHG)排放的意图。包括埃克森美孚在内的许多州、城市和企业都表示支持该协议的目标。我们自己的气候变化风险管理策略在埃克森美孚能源与碳总结中有描述，可在埃克森美孚网站上找到。根据展望和第三方报告，包括联合国环境规划署的2018年排放差距报告，我们预计世界有可能通过持续的重点努力，总体上达到2030年巴黎协议的承诺，但世界需要进一步努力，以加快朝着二氧化碳排放途径迈进。

2019-12-01 58页 5星级

鲸准研究院：2019年循环电商产业白皮书(66页).pdf

目录 报告作者 鲸准研究院-研究总经理 潘 航 18500330845 鲸准研究院-高级分析师 孙 继 文 13683026230 鲸准研究院-高级分析师 赵 悦 彤 13811607171 鲸准出.

2019-12-01 66页 5星级

维多利亚州可持续发展局：2019-2020维多利亚垃圾处理和回收利用-当地政府垃圾服务报告（英文版）（52页）.pdf

Recycling Victoria 正在改变我们的回收行业，减少浪费，创造就业机会，并为维多利亚州的可持续发展未来做好准备。维多利亚州回收计划已经在维多利亚州实现了更多的本地材料回收和加工。一年之内，从垃圾填埋场转移到当地加工的材料数量创历史新高。总共回收了 1105 万吨，国家能够在当地再加工这些资源的 91%。通过对这些资源进行再加工在国内使用材料，我们能够发展当地工业、创造就业机会并推动创新和新技术，同时减少我们对出口市场的依赖。在 2019-20 年期间，由于维多利亚州居民在家的频率更高，地方议会收集的路边垃圾、可回收物和有机物比以往任何时候都多 - 240 万吨。其中包括 57 万吨有机物。由于在 2019-20 年期间提供了路边食物和花园有机废物收集服务(从 13% 到 26%)的维多利亚州家庭增加了一倍，或者提供了由市议会管理的接送服务，因此收集到创纪录数量的有机物是可能的。将有机物与其他废物分开收集可以帮助我们减少温室气体排放，将更多的有机物转化为堆肥，并使我们能够将它们用作替代能源。

2019-12-01 52页 5星级

英国石油公司（BP）：2019年世界能源展望报告（132页）.pdf

点击查看更多英国石油公司（BP）：2019年世界能源展望报告（132页）.pdf精彩内容。

2019-12-01 132页 5星级

【研报】电力设备新能源行业：2019国内电动化之黎明时分-20200122[34页].pdf

2019国内电动化之黎明时分 长江证券研究所电力设备新能源研究小组 分析师：邬博华SAC执业证书编号：S0490514040001 分析师：马军SAC执业证书编号：S0490515070001 分析师.

2019-12-01 34页 5星级

2019年太阳能可利用等级报告 -Berkeley Lab（英文版）（75页）.pdf

Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost, Performance, and PPA Pricing in the United States 2019 Edition Authors: Mark Bolinger, Joachim Seel, Dana Robson Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory December 2019 Table of ContentsTable of Contents List of AcronymsList of Acronyms . i i Executive SummaryExecutive Summary . ii ii 1. Introduction1. Introduction .5 5 2. Utility2. Utility- -Scale Photovoltaics (PV)Scale Photovoltaics (PV) . 1010 2.1 Installation and Technology Trends (690 projects, 24.6 GWAC) 11 Florida was the new national leader in utility-scale solar growth 11 Tracking c-Si projects continued to dominate 2018 additions 13 More projects at lower-insolation sites, fixed-tilt mounts crowded out of sunny areas 14 Developers continued to favor larger array capacity relative to inverter capacity 16 Utility-scale PV battery projects are becoming more common 17 2.2 Installed Project Prices (641 projects, 22.9 GWAC) 18 Median prices fell to $1.6/WAC ($1.2/WDC) in 2018 18 The price premium for tracking over fixed-tilt installations seemingly disappeared 20 Evidence of economies of scale among our 2018 sample 21 System prices vary by region 22 2.3 Operation and Maintenance Costs (48 projects, 0.9 GWAC) 25 2.4 Capacity Factors (550 projects, 20.0 GWAC) 27 Wide range in capacity factors reflects differences in insolation, tracking, and ILR 27 Since 2013, competing drivers have reduced average capacity factors by project vintage 30 Performance degradation is evident, but is difficult to assess and attribute at the project level 31 2.5 Power Purchase Agreement Prices (290 contracts, 18.6 GWAC) and LCOE (640 projects, 22.9 GWAC) 34 PPA prices have fallen dramatically, in all regions of the country 36 An increasing number of PPAs (and projects in general) are including battery storage 39 The incremental PPA price adder for storage depends on the size of the battery 42 Despite record-low PPA prices, solar faces stiff competition from both wind and natural gas 44 Levelized PPA prices track the LCOE of utility-scale PV reasonably well 46 2.6 Wholesale Market Value 49 Solar curtailment is a function of market penetration and transmission constraints 49 In most regions of the United States, solar provides above-average market value 51 Reduced by the ITC, solar PPA prices are generally comparable to solars market value 54 3. Utility3. Utility- -Scale Concentrating SolarScale Concentrating Solar- -Thermal Power (CSP)Thermal Power (CSP) . 5757 3.1 Technology and Installation Trends Among the CSP Project Population (16 projects, 1.8 GWAC) 57 3.2 Installed Project Prices (7 projects, 1.4 GWAC) 58 3.3 Capacity Factors (13 projects, 1.7 GWAC) 60 3.4 Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Prices (6 projects, 1.3 GWAC) 61 4. Conclusions and Future Outlook4. Conclusions and Future Outlook . 6363 ReferencesReferences . 6666 Data Sources 66 Literature Sources 67 AppendixAppendix . . 7070 Total Operational PV Population 70 Total Operational CSP Population 71 O with some limited exceptions (including Figure 1 and Chapter 4), the report does not discuss forecasts or seek to project future trends. The home page for this reportutilityscalesolar.lbl.gov houses an Excel workbook that provides all of the publicly available data for each of the reports figures, as well as a number of interactive data visualizations that enable one to explore the data in different ways. The Federal Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”) The business energy investment tax credit, or ITC, in Section 48 of the U.S. tax code has been available to commercial solar projects for many years. Though originally a 10% credit, the Energy Policy Act of 2005 temporarily increased the size of the credit to 30% starting in 2006. In October 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 extended the 30% credit through the end of 2016, and in December 2015, the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 extended it once again, through 2019. This most-recent extension brought several other changes as well. For commercial projects, the prior requirement that a project be “placed in service” (i.e., operational) by the reversion deadline was relaxed to enable projects that merely “start construction” by the deadline to also qualify. Moreover, rather than reverting from 30% directly to 10% in 2020, the credit will instead gradually phase down to 10% over several years: to 26% in 2020, 22% in 2021, and finally 10% for projects that start construction in 2022 or thereafter. Moreover, in June 2018, the IRS issued “safe harbor” guidance clarifying that any project that qualifies for the 30%, 26%, or 22% ITC by starting construction in 2019, 2020, or 2021, respectively, will have until the end of 2023 (i.e., up to 4 years for projects that start construction in 2019) to achieve commercial operations without having to demonstrate a continuous work effort. In practice, this safe harbor guidance likely means that most utility-scale solar projects deployed through 2023 will continue to benefit from the full 30% ITC. Finally, as of October 2019, there were ongoing efforts including bills introduced in both the U.S. House and Senateto extend the 30% ITC for another five years, before the step- down begins. The 30% ITC has aided the utility-scale solar market over the years by enabling lower PPA prices that make solar more affordable, leading to greater deployment. One visible testament to its importance, at least historically, is 2016s record spike in deployment (see Figure 1), which was driven by the scheduled end-of-2016 reversion of the ITC to 10% (though, as noted above, that reversion was ultimately deferred by the late-December 2015 extension through 2019). Barring yet another extension, similar high deployment levels are expected over the next few years, in advance of the step down to 10% (Figure 1). 9 Defining “Utility-Scale” Determining which electric power projects qualify as “utility-scale” (as opposed to commercial- or residential-scale) can be a challenge, particularly as utilities begin to focus more on distributed generation. For solar PV projects, this challenge is exacerbated by the relative homogeneity of the underlying technology. For example, unlike with wind power, where there is a clear difference between utility-scale and residential wind turbine technology, with solar, very similar PV modules to those used in a 5 kW residential rooftop system might also be deployed in a 100 MW ground-mounted utility-scale project. The question of where to draw the line is, therefore, rather subjective. Though not exhaustive, below are three differentand perhaps equally validperspectives on what is considered to be “utility-scale”: Through its Form EIA-860, the Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) collects and reports data on all generating plants of at least 1 MW of capacity, regardless of ownership or whether interconnected in front of or behind the meter (note: this report draws heavily upon EIA data for such projects). In their Solar Market Insight reports, Wood Mackenzie and SEIA (“Wood Mackenzie/SEIA”) define utility-scale by offtake arrangement rather than by project size: any project owned by or that sells electricity directly to a utility (rather than consuming it onsite) is considered a “utility-scale” project. This definition includes even relatively small projects (e.g., 100 kW) that sell electricity through a feed-in tariff (“FiT”) or avoided cost contract (Munsell 2014). At the other end of the spectrum, some financiers define utility-scale in terms of investment size, and consider only those projects that are large enough to attract capital on their own (rather than as part of a larger portfolio of projects) to be “utility-scale” (Sternthal 2013). For PV, such financiers might consider a 40 MW (i.e., $50 million) project to be the minimum size threshold for utility-scale. Though each of these three approaches has its merits, this report adopts yet a different approach: utility-scale solar is defined herein as any ground-mounted solar project that is larger than 5 MWAC (separately, ground-mounted PV projects of 5 MWAC or less, along with roof- mounted systems of all sizes, are analyzed in LBNLs annual Tracking the Sun report series). This definition is grounded in consideration of the four main types of data analyzed in this report: installed prices, O Fiorelli and Zuercher - Martinson 2013). This report uses inverter loading ratio, or ILR. 16 This is analogous to the boost in capacity factor achieved by a wind turbine when the size of the rotor increases relative to the turbines nameplate capacity rating. This decline in “specific power” (W/m2 of rotor swept area) causes the generator to operate closer to (or at) its peak rating more often, thereby increasing capacity factor. 17 Power clipping, also known as power limiting, is comparable to spilling excess water over a dam (rather than running it through the turbines) or feathering a wind turbine blade. In the case of solar, however, clipping occurs electronically rather than physically: as the DC input to the inverter approaches maximum capacity, the inverter moves away from the maximum power point so that the array operates less efficiently (Advanced Energy 2014; Fiorelli and Zuercher - Martinson 2013). In this sense, clipping is a bit of a misnomer, in that the inverter never really even “sees” the excess DC powerrather, it is simply not generated in the first place. Only potential generation is lost. 17 projects, the median ILR has increased over time, from around 1.2 in 2010 to 1.33 in 2018. Fixed- tilt projects commonly feature higher ILRs than tracking projects, consistent with the notion that fixed-tilt projects have more to gain from boosting the ILR in order to achieve a less-peaky, “tracking-like” daily production profile. Since 2013, however, the median ILR of tracking and fixed-tilt projects has been nearly the same, and in 2016 and 2017 tracking projects even outpaced fixed-tilt installations (1.33 vs. 1.31). 2018 projects reverted again to the traditional relationships (1.41 for fixed-tilt, 1.31 for tracking), pushed by high-ILR projects in Florida and the Northeast. The overall ILR range among all projects in 2018 remains quite large (1.14 to 1.59), pointing to continued diversity in design practices. Figure 7. Trends in Inverter Loading Ratio by Mounting Type and Installation Year Utility-scale PV battery projects are becoming more common Despite an increasing number of announcements about new PV battery projects in the pipeline (see, for example, Table 3, Figure 37, and Figure 38), relatively few projects have been built to date. In 2018, seven new projects featuring batteries connected to utility-scale PV plants came online (see Figure 3). Three of these new batteries were added to existing PV-only projects that came online in 2016 (foreshadowing the potential for a large retrofit market) while the other four were installed concurrently with new PV projects. All seven of these new storage projects use lithium-ion batteries, sized to match 5-135% of the corresponding PV capacity (in MWAC terms). Most focus predominantly on the ability to shift energy for later use (up to 5 hours at full capacity), while the primary purpose of one system is the provision of grid reliability services in a region that is home to many large renewable energy projects. 18 2.2 Installed Project Prices (641 projects, 22.9 GWAC) This section analyzes installed price data from a large sample of the overall utility-scale PV project population described in the previous section.18 It begins with an overview of installed prices for PV projects over time, and then breaks out those prices by mounting type (fixed-tilt vs. tracking), project size, and region. A text box at the end of this section compares our top-down empirical price data with a variety of estimates derived from bottom-up cost models. Sources of installed price information include the Energy Information Administration (EIA), the Treasury Departments Section 1603 Grant database, data from applicable state rebate and incentive programs, state regulatory filings, FERC Form 1 filings, corporate financial filings, interviews with developers and project owners, and finally, the trade press. All prices are reported in real 2018 dollars. In general, only fully operational projects for which all individual phases were in operation at the end of 2018 are included in the sample19i.e., by definition, our sample is backward-looking and therefore may not reflect installed price levels for projects that are completed or contracted in 2019 and beyond. Moreover, reported installed prices within our backward-looking sample may reflect transactions (e.g., entering into an Engineering, Procurement, and Construction or “EPC” contract) that occurred several years prior to project completion. In some cases, those transactions may have been negotiated on a forward-looking basis, reflecting anticipated future costs at the time of project construction. In other cases, they may have been based on contemporaneous costs (or a conservative projection of costs), in which case the reported installed price data may not fully capture recent fluctuations in component costs or other

2019-12-01 75页 5星级

中国清洁发展机制基金管理中心：全国碳市场政策与法规汇编（2019~2021年）（162页）.pdf

技术工作组应根据相应行业的温室气体排放核算方法与报告指南（以下简称核算指南）、相关技术规范，对重点排放单位提交的排放报告及数据质量控制计划等支撑材料进行文件评审，初步确认重点排放单位的温室气体排放量和.

2019-12-01 162页 5星级

生态环境部：2019年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报（44页）.pdf

点击查看更多生态环境部：2019年全国大、中城市固体废物污染环境防治年报（44页）.pdf精彩内容。

2019-12-01 44页 5星级

360安全：2019年上半年度安卓系统安全性生态环境研究(25页)(25页).pdf

2019 年上半年度 安卓系统安全性生态环境 研究 2019 年 8 月 13 日 摘 要 此报告数据来源为 “360 透视镜” （360 团队发布的一款专业检测手机安全漏洞的 APP, 62 万份.

2019-12-01 25页 5星级