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未来资源研究所(RFF):2024年美国全国保险业CO2排放权交易制度的一般均衡分析(英文版)(109页).pdf

上传人: AG 编号:606039 2024-02-01 109页 3.76MB

1、 Chinas Nationwide CO2 Emissions Trading System:A General Equilibrium Assessment Lawrence H.Goulder,Xianling Long,Chenfei Qu,Da Zhang Working Paper 24-02 February 2024 Resources for the Future i About the Authors Lawrence H.Goulder is the Shuzo Nishihara Professor in Environmental and Resource Econo

2、mics at Stanford University and Director of the Stanford Center for Environmental and Energy Policy Analysis.He is also the Kennedy-Grossman Fellow in Human Biology at Stanford;a Senior Fellow at Stanfords Institute for Economic Policy Research;a Research Associate at the National Bureau of Economic

3、 Research;and a University Fellow of Resources for the Future.Xianling Long obtained her PhD from Stanford University in 2020.She is now an assistant professor at the National School of Development,Peking University.Chenfei Qu is affiliated with the Institute of Energy,Environment,and Economy at Tsi

4、nghua University.Da Zhang is an associate professor at the Institute of Energy,Environment and Economy at Tsinghua University.He is a research associate for the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change at Massachusetts Institute of Technology,and an associate editor for the Journal o

5、f Global Economic Analysis.His main research interests include energy and environmental economics,energy system modeling,applied general equilibrium modeling,and organizational economics.Acknowledgments We are grateful for helpful comments from Carolyn Fischer,Guojun He,Christopher R.Knittel,Gilbert

6、 E.Metcalf,Alistair Ritchie,Thomas Rutherford,Roberton Williams,Xiliang Zhang,and participants in the NBER Environmental and Energy Economics Program Meeting,World Bank Climate Change and Development Research Seminar,Mannheim Conference on Energy and Environment,and AERE 2023 Summer Conference.We th

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本文主要研究了中国全国碳排放交易系统(ETS)的动态一般均衡评估。该系统是世界上最大的碳排放交易系统,旨在通过可交易的表现标准(TPS)来减少温室气体排放。文章通过一个独特的多部门、多时期的计算一般均衡模型,评估了该系统对产出水平、生产成本、价格和二氧化碳排放的影响。主要结论包括: 1. TPS的环境效益远高于其经济成本。在不考虑健康效益的情况下,气候效益是成本的五倍以上;考虑健康效益后,效益成本比增至26。 2. TPS的效率低于效率最大化水平。效率最大化要求边际减排成本等于边际环境效益,但结果显示TPS的边际成本远低于拜登政府对2020-2035年减排效益的估计。 3. TPS与等效的配额交易(C&T)系统相比,相对成本随时间变化显著。在早期,TPS的成本略高于等效的C&T系统,但随着时间的推移,这种成本劣势变得更加明显。 4. 通过拍卖供应部分配额可以降低实现给定减排目标的经济成本。引入拍卖可以降低整体成本30-43%。 5. 模拟结果揭示了成本效益与分配公平之间的权衡。尽管可以通过使用不同的基准来解决分配问题,但更大的基准变化会通过扩大生产边际成本的差异来提高整体成本。
中国碳排放交易系统如何运作? 中国的碳排放交易系统与国外的碳排放交易系统有何不同? 中国的碳排放交易系统对经济有何影响?
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