AI_Now研究所：2018年度报告(英文版)(62页).pdf

1、 AI Now Report 2018 Meredith Whittaker , AI Now Institute, New York University, Google Open Research Kate Crawford , AI Now Institute, New York University, Microsoft Research Roel Dobbe , AI Now Institute, New York University Genevieve Fried , AI Now Institute, New York University Elizabeth Kaziunas

2、 , AI Now Institute, New York University Varoon Mathur , AI Now Institute, New York University Sarah Myers West , AI Now Institute, New York University Rashida Richardson , AI Now Institute, New York University Jason Schultz , AI Now Institute, New York University School of Law Oscar Schwartz , AI N

3、ow Institute, New York University With research assistance from Alex Campolo and Gretchen Krueger (AI Now Institute, New York University) DECEMBER 2018 CONTENTS ABOUT THE AI NOW INSTITUTE3 RECOMMENDATIONS4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY7 INTRODUCTION10 1. THE INTENSIFYING PROBLEM SPACE12 1.1 AI is Amplifying Wid

4、espread Surveillance12 The faulty science and dangerous history of affect recognition13 Facial recognition amplifi es civil rights concerns15 1.2 The Risks of Automated Decision Systems in Government18 1.3 Experimenting on Society: Who Bears the Burden?22 2. EMERGING SOLUTIONS IN 201824 2.1 Bias Bus

5、ting and Formulas for Fairness: the Limits of Technological “Fixes”24 Broader approaches27 2.2 Industry Applications: Toolkits and System Tweaks28 2.3 Why Ethics is Not Enough29 3. WHAT IS NEEDED NEXT32 3.1 From Fairness to Justice32 3.2 Infrastructural Thinking33 3.3 Accounting for Hidden Labor in

6、AI Systems34 3.4 Deeper Interdisciplinarity36 3.5 Race, Gender and Power in AI37 3.6 Strategic Litigation and Policy Interventions39 3.7 Research and Organizing: An Emergent Coalition40 CONCLUSION42 ENDNOTES44 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International