波士顿：2020气候金融市场和实体经济-衡量全球需求定义市场结构以调动资本（英文版）.pdf

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1、1 2 Contents Foreword . 4 Executive Summary . 8 1 Section 1: Context and Current State . 26 The Climate Imperative for Financial Institutions . 26 The New Era of Climate Finance . 27 The Climate Finance Market Structure (CFMS) . 28 The Current State of the Climate Finance Market . 29 2 Section 2: Vi

2、sion for At-Scale Climate Finance Market Structure (CFMS) . 32 3 Section 3: A $100150+ Trillion Investment NeedSectoral and Regional Insights and Implications . 36 Purpose of the Market Sizing and Sector-Specific Insights . 36 Investment Need for Achieving Paris Agreement Ambitions . 40 Sector-Speci

3、fic Insights and Market Sizing of Investment Needs . 48 4 Section 4: Recommendations for Scaling Climate Finance . 78 Motivating capitalMotivating capital: Addressing Market Failures in Order to Accelerate Climate Action from the Real Economy and Enhance the Flow of Climate-Aligned Capital . 78 Fina

4、ncial Market Structure Financial Market Structure ChangesChanges: Structural Changes to Make the Climate Finance Market More Efficient, Transparent, and Scalable . 104 Climate Risk Management FrameworkClimate Risk Management Framework: Actions Needed to Incorporate Climate Factors into Risk Manageme

5、nt Frameworks . 141 5 Section 5: Call to Action . 155 Annex: Glossary, Market Sizing Methodology, and Assumptions . 162 3 Table of figures Figure 1: Components of climate finance . 28 Figure 2: Defining Climate Finance Market Structure (CFMS) . 29 Figure 3: Root causes of an underdeveloped Climate F

6、inance Market Structure . 32 Figure 4: Vision for an at-scale Climate Finance Market Structure (CFMS) . 34 Figure 5: GHG emissions by sector, 2019 estimates . 38 Figure 6: Investment estimates vary across different sources . 40 Figure 7: Summary investment need by sector . 41 Figure 8: Sectors to be