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经合组织(OECD):2026技能优先型劳动力市场研究报告(英文版)(104页).pdf

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1、Getting Skills RightA SkillsFirst Labour MarketA SkillsFirst Labour MarketGetting Skills RightGetting Skills RightA SkillsFirst Labour MarketThis work is issued under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD,and does not necessarily reflect theofficial views of OECD Member countries.T

2、his document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the r

3、esponsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Please cite this publication as:OECD(2026),A Skills-First Labour Marke

4、t,Getting Skills Right,OECD Publishing,Paris,https:/doi.org/10.1787/2e1b85f0-en.ISBN 978-92-64-82306-8(print)ISBN 978-92-64-65442-6(PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-66907-9(HTML)Getting Skills RightISSN 2520-6117(print)ISSN 2520-6125(online)Photo credits:Cover PeopleImages/S.Corrigenda to OECD publications may be

5、 found at:https:/www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.OECD 2026 Attribution 4.0 International(CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence.By using this work,you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https:/creativec

6、ommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution you must cite the work.Translations you must cite the original work,identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and the translation,only the text of the original work should be consider

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1. **技能成为劳动力市场新核心**:传统学历信号作用减弱,技能优先(skills-first)模式兴起,聚焦实际能力而非仅凭学历。 2. **劳动力市场压力加剧**:2025年超80%雇主(如日本、德国)报告招聘困难,36%工人存在技能错配(如美、加),且30%-40%核心技能预计2030年前需更新。 3. **经济效率与公平性**:学历与技能相关性弱(如同学历者 numeracy 能力差异大,R²=0.20),技能优先可减少信息不对称,提升匹配效率,扩大弱势群体机会。 4. **系统性转型需求**:依赖技能开发(终身学习)与技能认可(如微证书、技能护照),辅以共同技能语言和数据基础设施。 5. **国家进展差异**:澳大利亚、瑞典、法国、英国等在技能学习体系与认可机制上领先,但尚无完全成熟体系。
**技能为何重要?** **如何实现技能优先?** **技能如何匹配工作?**
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