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经合组织(OECD):2026日本经济调研报告(英文版)(119页).pdf

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1、OECD Economic Surveys:Japan 2026May 2026Volume 2026/12OECD Economic Surveys:Japan2026This work was approved and declassified by the Economic and Development Review Committee on 25 March 2026.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereign

2、ty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to th

3、e status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republic of TrkiyeThe information in this document with reference to“Cyprus”relates to the southern part of the Island.There is no singleauthority representing both T

4、urkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.Trkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus(TRNC).Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations,Trkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the“Cyprus issue”.Note by all the European Union Member S

5、tates of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Trkiye.Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.Kosovo*:This designation is witho

6、ut prejudice to positions on status,and is in line with United Nations Security CouncilResolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovos declaration ofindependence.Please cite this publication as:OECD(2026),OECD Economic Surveys:Japan 2026,OECD Publishing,P

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1. **经济与通胀**:日本2025年GDP增长1.2%,国内需求为主要驱动力;名义工资创1990年代以来最高增速(2025年Shunto谈判涨薪5.25%),但高通胀制约实际消费增长。 2. **财政挑战**:公共债务率高达205.6%(2024年),需通过提高消费税、控制补充预算(2025年达160万亿日元)及养老金改革(链接预期寿命)确保可持续性。 3. **劳动力短缺**:女性及老年非正规就业比例高,需提升育儿支持、移民融入(外国劳动者占比仅2.8%)及成人培训覆盖率(女性、老年人参与率低)。 4. **气候目标**:碳排放需加速下降,但可再生能源占比仅8.2%(2024年),需简化审批流程、明确碳定价机制并加强气候治理。 5. **生产力增长**:劳动生产率低于OECD均值,需强化竞争政策、吸引外资(FDI占GDP仅5%)及支持中小企业创新。
日本经济前景如何? 如何应对劳动力短缺? 绿色转型有何挑战?
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