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世界银行(WBG):2025缅甸教育:受教育机会与学习成果研究报告(英文版)(83页).pdf

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1、EducationalAccess andLearningOutcomesin Myanmar5+4=.7+1=.9-5=.12-7=.5+4=.7+1=.9-5=.12-7=.E=mc2Public Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized 2025 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433 Telephone:202-473-1000;Internet:www.

2、worldbank.org Some rights reservedThis work is a product of the staff of The World Bank.The findings,interpretations,and conclusions ex-pressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not gua

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4、ts and PermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright.Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge,this work may be reproduced,in whole or in part,for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given.AttributionPlease cite the work as follows

5、:Fukao,T.,S.Katwal,M.M.Thwin,and A.P.Kyaw.2025.Educational Access and Learning Outcomes in Myanmar.Washington,DC:World Bank.All queries on rights and licenses,including subsidiary rights,should be addressed to World Bank Publica-tions,The World Bank Group,1818 H Street NW,Washington,DC 20433,USA;fax

6、:202-522-2625;e-mail:pubrightsworldbank.org.Educational Access and Learning Outcomes in Myanmar1Contents Acknowledgement 4 Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 601 Introduction 802 Data and Methodology 1103 Education Access:Levels,changes,and disparities 17 3.1 Trends in education access 17 3.2 Disparities

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1. **教育恢复不均衡**:缅甸小学净入学率(NER)从2022/23年的75%反弹至2024/25年的91%,接近疫情前水平;但中学(46%)和高中(31%)NER仍远低于2016/17年(67%、43%),15-17岁青少年失学率高达60%。 2. **学习成果恶化**:2022/23至2024/25年,基础读写和计算能力下降,失学儿童、贫困家庭及父母受教育程度低的孩子表现更差,学习贫困率接近90%。 3. **非公立教育兴起**:冲突地区非公立学校(社区、寺院、民族教育) enrollment比例上升,成为“事实教育系统”,但面临资源不足和认可度低等问题。 4. **差距扩大**:最富 quintile 高中 NER 是最穷 quintile 的3倍;女孩高中 NER(25%)低于男孩(35%);残疾儿童和农村地区入学率最低。 5. **经济与冲突影响**:贫困率升至32%,教育预算占GDP从2.1%降至1.6%,冲突导致350万人流离失所,加剧教育中断。
缅甸教育现状如何? 学习差距有多大? 非公立教育作用?
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