面向量子时代的低温技术扩展.pdf

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1、Kyle TScaling cryogenics for the quantum ageTransitions from the lab to industryCrisis in scaling cryogenics for the futureColdCloud,the new architecture for scale quantum computersAgendaMaybell was Formed with the Quantum Future in Mind419712020+Designed to fit into modern computing architecture wi

2、th a 19”electronics rack form factor.Maximizing usable space for the quantum experiments of todayTransforming a room-sized tangle of tubes and wires.Transition from Lab to IndustryEliminate common failure modes:Every joint is stable Almost no rubber(90%reduction petitors)Zero corrosive joints(e.g.,a

3、cid-flux)Zero soft joints(solder,indium,epoxy)Every component is industrialized No scroll pump on circulation line Infinite life-cycle helium traps(no LN2)Industrial computer running Linux Independent vacuum and gas handling systems*Designed for cold decades,not monthsResearch fridges were designed

4、for experiments,not data centers.At only 50 qubits,more than 1/3 of total cooling power used on cryogenic stages40%of the total load is irreducible,i.e.,driven by physics,not by engineering choices,modality,or designEvery joint,pump,and material choice becomes a reliability risk.The gap between what

5、s in labs and whats needed for HPC-scale quantum is massive.Crisis in Scaling Cryogenics for the FutureKrinner,S.,Storz,S.,Kurpiers,P.,Magnard,P.,Heinsoo,J.,Keller,R.,Luetolf,J.,Eichler,C.and Wallraff,A.,2019.Engineering cryogenic setups for 100-qubit scale superconducting circuit systems.EPJ Quantu

6、m Technology,6(1),p.2.Cryogenic setups for 50-qubit scale superconducting circuit systemsExtrapolate to millions of qubits:todays fridges dont scale.Without improvements,10,000s of dilution fridges would be required for a useful system of 1m qubitsEven with major changes the theoretical minimum is a