Table 3.4 Vehicle Maintenance Cost Advantage of the 30x30 scenario vs BAU, by Vehicle Segment, 2030-行业数据

Maintenance and repair costs are a significant component of vehicle operating costs. When both routine maintenance and battery replacement are considered, the 30x30 scenario shows that BEVs have α lifetime maintenance cost advantage over ICEVs in all segments except HDTs. Although EVs require α mid-life battery replacement, battery prices are falling continuously. For HDTs, the battery replacement, though declining battery prices will narrow the gap as technology advances.