美国安全与新兴技术中心（CSET）：2025开放模型在科研中的应用研究报告（英文版）（63页）.pdf

1、Issue BriefOctober 2025The Use of Open Models in ResearchAuthorsKyle MillerMia HoffmannRebecca GellesThe Use of Open Models in ResearchAuthorsKyle MillerMia HoffmannRebecca Gelles Center for Security and Emerging Technology|1 Executive Summary There is widespread consensus that open and freely avail

2、able AI models benefit research.Yet there is a lack of empirical evidence detailing how this relationship manifests.This report aims to fill this gap by investigating the use of open large language models(LLMs)in published research,overviewing what organizations and countries use them most frequentl

3、y,and considering their wider impact on research.To this end,we identify and analyze more than 250 publications that use open models in ways that require access to model weights,and derive a taxonomy of use cases that openly available model weights exclusively or predominantly enable.We then review

4、more than 130 publications that use closed models to compare use cases when model weights are and are not openly available.Our analysis finds that open models enable a more diverse range of use cases than closed models.Of the eight high-level use cases for AI models we identified,five are exclusivel

5、y enabled by access to model weights,two predominantly require weights,and one does not require weights.Those requiring weights include continuously pretraining models to expand their general knowledge,compressing models to improve their efficiency,combining different models or synchronizing their m

6、odalities(e.g.,text and imagery),and measuring the functionality of models on hardware or the performance of hardware when running models.Two use cases predominantly require access to weights:fine-tuning models for particular tasks or domains,and examining model internals to interpret their function