人工智能增加温室气体排放的风险.pdf

1、Risks of AI Increasing Greenhouse Gas EmissionsDavid RolnickMila Quebec AI InstituteMcGill UniversityClimate Change AI“AI can help solve climate change,but it uses a lot of energy”?23Estimated total energy consumption of AIComparisonTotal electricity consumption in 2023:Global:29,479.05 TWhLow-incom

2、e countries:126.35 TWhUnited States:4,249.05 TWhSource:Our World in DataAdapted by Lynn Kaack from RoegenCentre for Sustainability and INFRAS with data from Schneider Electric,2023;Schneider Electric,2024;De Vries,2023;IEA,2024;Morgan Stanley,2024;Goldman Sachs,2024;Semianalysis,2024 4Embodied emiss

3、ionsfrom production and end-of-life of hardwareMining and productionTransportationDisposal and recyclingOperational emissionsfrom energy consumed during computationComputational costs of AIKaack,Donti,Strubell,Kamiya,Creutzig,Rolnick,“Aligning AI with Climate Change Mitigation,”Nature Climate Change

4、 2022.“AI can help solve climate change,but it uses a lot of energy”?56A menagerie of AI algorithmsHuge models/high energy usageSmaller models/low energy usageGenerate text/images/videoClassify/optimize/predict/etc.Often very broad goals and dataSomewhat narrower scope and dataA few uses in climate

5、actionWidely used across sectorsChatGPT DeepSeekMidjourney U-Nets,ResNets,LSTMsPhysics-informed NNs Interpretable ML 7A menagerie of AI algorithmsChatGPT DeepSeekMidjourney High-computation AI is only useful sometimesU-Nets,ResNets,LSTMsPhysics-informed NNs Interpretable ML 8AI use cases across soci

6、etyWhat algorithms do we need to be effective?9Right approachAI use cases across societySome big generative AI Lots of small,focused AI10Wrong approachAI use cases across societyLLMs for everything!11Wrong approachAI use cases across societySmaller LLMs for everything!12Wrong approachAI use cases ac