1、宏观经济宏观经济|2025 年 2 月 28 日 本报告由建银国际证券有限公司撰写。分析师证明及其他重要声明请见报告最后一页。1 报告摘要报告摘要 美国通胀超预期美国通胀超预期,推迟联储降息时间:,推迟联储降息时间:美国 1 月通胀数据超出市场预期,降低联储进一步降息紧迫性,但开年经济数据走弱,同时如果特朗普未来继续保持当前所展现的渐进的政策路线,预计未来对通胀的冲击有限。美联储年内仍有降息可能,我们维持联储年内降息两次,每次 25 个基点的预测。近期市场对衰退的担忧情绪带动美债收益率快速下行,但当前政策的不确定性与通胀预期仍然较高,10 年期美国国债收益率短期内波动性上升,预计 10 年美债
2、利率 3 月的交易区间为 4.0%-4.5%。国内春节消费整体稳健,基本面温和修复国内春节消费整体稳健,基本面温和修复,聚焦两会:,聚焦两会:春节长假期间文旅消费表现强劲,消费品受益于政策支持快速增长,但细分领域景气分化。节后工业生产复工普遍加速,地产交易二手房回暖快过新房。关注即将召开的两会,预计将延续中央经济会议精神,突出扩大内需、科技创新、产业升级和防范风险等主题,宏观取态保持支持。我们预计 25 年增长目标将保持在 5%左右,财政支出提速。外资持续流入新兴市场外资持续流入新兴市场:开年美国经济走弱带动美债收益率回落,资金持续流入新兴市场,预计联储年内仍有降息空间,或将推动美元波动下行。
3、随着中国稳增长政策陆续出台,经济基本面温和复苏,人民币汇率有望小幅走高。但中美之间政治风险仍存,或在一定程度上影响资金流入。下月市场焦点:下月市场焦点:国际方面,需要关注欧美国家通胀及就业数据,央行议息会议,关税进展及美国债务和财政相关时间窗口。国内方面,关注经济活动高频数据,及即将召开的两会。Main points:Inflation could delay Fed cut.Until very recently,high January inflation figures had made a Fed cut less likely;however,recent signs of weak
4、ness in the economic data coupled with President Trumps“stop-and-go”tariff strategy have likely blunted the impact of rising inflation,leaving room for an interest rate cut before the end of the year.On this assumption,we maintain our forecast of two cuts this year of 25bp each.Concerns about a rece
5、ssion have driven the UST yield down rapidly,though we are mindful that policy uncertainty and inflation expectations are likely to continue to amplify volatility in the UST yield in the short term.We project the yield on US 10-year Treasury bonds will hover in the 4.0-4.5%range in March.Robust holi
6、day spending as the market turns its focus to the upcoming Two Sessions.Cultural and tourism consumption in China was voracious over Chinese New Year(CNY)though consumption between sub-sectors showed divergence.Consumer goods benefited significantly from policy support.Industrial production also pic