1、Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement TransitionThe case for international co-ordinationThe IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil,gas and coal supply and demand,renewable energy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand side mana

2、gement and much more.Through its work,the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability,affordability and sustainability of energy in its 32 Member countries,13 Association countries and beyond.This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereig

3、nty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.Source:IEA.International Energy Agency Website:www.iea.orgIEA Member countries:AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech Republic DenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungar

4、yIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuania Luxembourg Mexico NetherlandsNew Zealand NorwayPolandPortugalSlovak Republic SpainSweden Switzerland Republic of Trkiye United Kingdom United StatesThe European Commission also participates in the work of the IEAIEA Association countries:Argentina BrazilChinaEg

5、yptIndia Indonesia Kenya Morocco Senegal Singapore South Africa Thailand UkraineINTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCYDemand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Abstract The case for international co-ordination PAGE|3 I EA.CC BY 4.0.Abstract A massive scale-up of markets for transformative n

6、ear-zero emissions steel and cement is needed to achieve internationally agreed net zero goals.Yet early movers on both the supply-and demand-side that is,material producers and consumers face substantial barriers related to high costs and risks,among other factors.This has led to relatively slow ma