加州中国气候研究所：中美电力行业脱碳研究报告（英文版）（15页）.pdf

1、THE U.S.AND CHINA NEEDTO REDUCE METHANE EMISSIONS,SUBSTANTIALLY AND COLLABORATIVELY DECARBONIZING THE POWER SECTORIN THE U.S.AND CHINA1DECARBONIZING THE POWER SECTOR IN THE U.S.AND CHINAMike OBoyle,Energy Innovation*Max Dupuy,Regulatory Assistance Project*Organizations are noted for affiliation purp

2、oses only.This paper represents authors views,and not necessarily those of their institutions.KEY ISSUES AND TRENDSTogether,the United States and Chinese power systems emitted 5,780 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent(COe)in 2020,about 36%of the two countries and 17%of the worlds annual

3、 carbon emissions(International Energy Agency 2022).Consensus is growing among the scientific community that majority renewables-based electricity systems exceeding 80%carbon-free can be operated reliably and at low cost,without developing new technologies(Abhyankar et al.2022;MacDonald et al.2016;N

4、ovacheck,Brinkman,and Porro 2018;NREL 2012;Phadke et al.2020).The U.S.and China face similar physical and policy challenges to transform their power sectors,despite different economic and institutional conditions.The transition to a renewables-based electricity system is also essential for decarboni

5、zing end-uses such as transportation and heating of buildings through electrification.The Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC)of both countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change include significant power sector commitments.Figure 1|U.S.and China Electricity Sector G

6、reenhouse Gas Emissions,2000-2019.Data source:Climate Watch(https:/www.climatewatchdata.org/ghg-emissions?end_year=2019®ions=CHN%2CUSA§ors=electricity-heat&start_year=1990)2However,given that neither countrys NDC pledges for 2030 are sufficient to support a 1.5 degrees C pathway,and given the