1、Handbook on Measuring Digital TradeS E CO N D E D ITI O N 2023.The International Monetary Fund,the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development,the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.WTO Print ISBN:978-92-870-7360-0DISCLAIMERPrepared by the staff of the International Monetary
2、Fund(IMF),the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD),the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)and the World Trade Organization(WTO).For the IMF,the views expressed here are those of the authors and should not be construed as the views of the IMF,its Executi
3、ve Board,member governments,or any other entity mentioned herein.For the OECD,this work is prepared under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD,and the opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD
4、.For the United Nations,the findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States.For the WTO,this work is published under the responsibility of the WTO Secretariat.The opin
5、ions expressed and arguments employed herein are not intended to provide any authoritative or legal interpretation of the provisions of the WTO Agreements and shall in no way be read or understood to have any legal implications whatsoever.This document,as well as any data and any map included herein
6、,are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The names of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice of the WTO.The IMF,OECD,Unit