1、Australias National Science AgencyFebruary 2025CSIRO Towards Net Zero missionOSullivan,C.A.,Mishra,A.,Mueller,S.,Nadeem,H.and Flentje,W.Opportunities andPriorities for a LowCarbon LiquidFuel Industry inAustralia 2 Contents Executive Summary.7 Estimated production potential.9 1 Australias fuel indust
2、ry.9 2 Global trends in low carbon liquid fuels.11 3 Australias biomass supply.18 3.1 Existing current feedstock sources.21 3.2 Existing new feedstock sources.25 3.3 Growing the Balance Sheet.28 3.4 Blending in a green hydrogen industry.33 3.5 Examples of specific regional opportunities.34 3.6 Alter
3、native demands for bioresources and land.38 3.7 Alternative demand for land and water resources.49 4 Methodology for regional opportunity assessment.53 5 Latest trends in Australian conditions.58 6 The LCLF opportunity for Australia.64 6.1 Comparison of LCLF end markets.64 6.2 The emissions abatemen
4、t opportunity.66 6.3 Renewable Energy Superpower vision.69 7 Commercial drivers,barriers and key issues for Australian industry.73 7.1 Supply-side challenges.73 7.2 Demand-side barriers.76 7.3 Processing and refining challenges.75 7.4 Investment and finance support.80 7.5 Identified priorities for i
5、ndustry development.81 7.6 Carbon Intensity and certification of fuels for market access.83 8 Global policy landscape.96 8.1 Overarching principles for developing an LCLF policy framework.99 8.2 Policy analysis for pathways and combinations.100 8.3 Policy considerations.107 8.4 Recommended actions.1
6、07 8.5 Future research opportunities.110 3 Appendix-Selected global policies on LCLFs.121 List of acronyms ABARES Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics ARA Australian Renderers Association ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials Internat