核创新联盟（NIA）：2024从反应堆到处置库：先进核反应堆废料处置路径报告（英文版）（64页）.pdf

1、 1 2 From Reactors to Repositories:Disposal Pathways for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Waste Lead Author:Erik Cothron NIA Contributors:Zach Koshgarian December 2024 2024 Nuclear Innovation Alliance,All Rights Reserved This report is available online at:https:/nuclearinnovationalliance.org/resources 3 Tab

2、le of Contents Acronyms.4 Executive Summary.5 1.Introduction.7 2.Understanding Nuclear Waste.9 2.1.What is Nuclear Waste?.9 2.2.Nuclear Waste Classifications.10 2.3.Nuclear Waste Disposal Pathways.15 3.Characterizing Advanced Nuclear Reactor Waste Streams.25 3.1.Advanced Light Water Reactors.27 3.2.

3、High-Temperature Gas Reactors.28 3.3.Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors.32 3.4.Molten Salt Reactors.34 4.Interim Storage.36 4.1.Natrium and Xe-100 Interim Storage Strategies.38 4.2.Legacy High Temperature Gas Reactors.42 4.3.Legacy Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors.46 5.Permanent Disposal.48 5.1.Performance of a

4、n Advanced Reactor Waste Repository.49 5.2.Processing Advanced Reactor Wastes.49 5.3.Design and Costs of an Advanced Reactor Waste Repository.52 Conclusion.53 Appendix A:Classifying Low-Level Waste with Long-Lived and Short-Lived Isotopes.54 Appendix B:TRISO Fuel Particle Layers.55 Appendix C:Proces

5、sing Methods for Advanced Reactor Wastes.56 Appendix D:Molten Salt Reactor Experiment.63 From Reactors to Repositories:Disposal Pathways for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Waste 4 Acronyms ALWR AVR BANR Ci DOE EBR FLiBe FZJ FSV FPC FPP GW GTCC HLW HTGR INL IPyC IAEA IUAT LLW MWe MWth MTHM MSR MSRE NRC PIC

6、 SFR SFC SFISF SFP ISFSI SNF TRU TRISO VLLW WIPP Advanced Light Water Reactor German Arbeitsgemeinschaft Versuchsreaktor BWXTs Advanced Nuclear Reactor Curies Department of Energy Experimental Breeder Reactor Fluoride-Lithium-Beryllium German Forschungszentrum Jlich Site Fort Saint Vrain Fuel Pool C