破土动工：减少土壤压实的策略.pdf

1、MayBreaking Ground:Strategies to Reduce Soil CompactionMarla Riekman,MSc,PAg,CCASoil Fertility SpecialistManitoba AgricultureMarla.Riekmangov.mb.ca204-266-2027 Soil particles squeeze together,reducing the space available for soil and waterSoil CompactionSource:UMN ExtensionTypes of compaction Hard P

2、an occurs just below the depth of tillage Usually the layer is 1-2”thick Soils repeatedly cultivated at the same depth Force of equipment causes compression of the soil and smears at the point of contact between the soil and equipmentRoot growth is restrictedPhoto:J.HeardNutrient DeficiencyPhoto:J.D

3、eJong-HughesTypes of compaction Shallow Compaction:Top 6-8”of soil Directly related to pressure applied topsoil Ground pressure will be 1-2 psi higher than tire pressure Proper tire inflation for road speed 2-3 X higher than for field Tracks more complicated to calculateCrop Growth RestrictedTypes o

4、f compaction Deep Compaction:Below 8”depth Related to the force applied to the soil(axle load)Deeper compaction with higher axle load Compaction can be forced to 3-4 feet depending on axle weight This is regardless of tires or tracksEffect of Axle Load(Weight of Equipment)Compaction increases with a

5、xle load(depth,width,intensity)Limit axle load when soil is at high risk(moist)Adapted from Sohne,1958Approximate axle loads for field equipmentEquipmentAxle Load(tons/axle)Slurry tanker 4,200 gal.10-12Slurry tanker 7,200 gal.17-186-row combine,empty1012-row combine,empty1812-row,full with head24720

6、 bu.grain cart,full,1 axle22Beet cart,full24Grain cart,1,200 bu.,1 axle35-40Grain cart,1,200 bu.,2 axle17-204WD tractor,325 HP,front axle134WD tractor,200 HP,front axle7.5MFWD tractor,150 HP,rear axle6.5From UMN Extension Factsheet-Soil Compaction:Causes,Effects and Control Soil Compaction and Soil