1、Topline Results European Attitudes to Climate Change,Fairness,and ActionWouter PoortingaCardiff University2|Infra4NextGen:European Attitudes to Climate Change,Fairness,and ActionTopline Results European Attitudes to Climate Change,Fairness,and ActionWouter Poortinga,Cardiff UniversityClimate change

2、remains one of the most pressing and complex environmental challenges facing the world today.The past decade has seen an increase in both the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events,alongside record-breaking global temperatures.The year 2024 marked the first time that global average temper

3、atures exceeded 1.5C above pre-industrial levels over a full calendar year.Both the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Sixth Assessment Report and the 2023 UNEP Emissions Gap Report show that,without substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions,the world remains on tr

4、ack for a level of warming far above the targets set under the Paris Agreement.The challenge of climate change needs transformative policies capable of delivering substantial and rapid reductions in carbon emissions.Such measures will inevitably affect the public,shaping everyday life,consumption,an

5、d energy use.Although concern about climate change has increased markedly in recent years,this has been accompanied by a visible green backlash against environmental measures that are perceived as costly or unfair.Europe-wide farmer protests and the Gilets Jaunes movement in France illustrate how cl

6、imate policies that are introduced too rapidly,or without adequate consideration of fairness,can provoke strong opposition.Understanding public beliefs and concerns about climate change,alongside perceptions of responsibility and fairness,is therefore essential for designing climate policies that ar