1、,Panel Discussion,Raw Materials in Lithium-Ion Battery(LIB)Manufacturing and Pathways for Spent LIB RecyclingWencai Zhang,PE,PhDAssociate ProfessorMining&Mineral EngineeringVirginia TechSeptember 30,2025Richmond,VA,Raw Materials for LIBs,LIBs,Cathode,Anode,Electrolyte,Separator,Current Collector,Li
2、Sources:Li2CO3,LiOH,Transition metals:Ni,Co,Mn,Fe,Al,Graphite;Silicon;Lithium titanate,Li Salts:LiPF,Solvents:EC;DMC;DEC;EMC,Polyethylene(PE);Polypropylene(PP);Multilayer composites,Polyethylene(PE);Polypropylene(PP);Multilayer composites,Brines,Hard rocks,Clays,Laterite ores,Sulfide ores,Mn ores,Ba
3、uxite ores,Cu mining byproducts,etc.,Natural graphite,Synthetic graphite,Quartz sand,Ilmenite,Rutile,Hard carbon,etc.,Brines,Hard rocks,Fluorspar,Petrochemicals;Advanced fine chemicals,etc.,Petrochemical feedstocks,etc.,Cu mining chalcopyrite,bornite,chalcocite;Al mining-bauxite,Raw Materials for LI
4、Bs,https:/www.energy.gov/fecm/articles/qa-grant-bromhal-united-states-critical-minerals-sustainability,Raw Materials for LIBs,https:/www.energy.gov/fecm/articles/qa-grant-bromhal-united-states-critical-minerals-sustainability,LIB Recycling Hydrometallurgy,Spent LIBs,Discharge,Crushing/Sieving,Black
5、Mass,Leaching,Purification,Recovered Metal Salts,Precursors/Electrode,New Battery,LIB Recycling Pyrometallurgy,Spent LIBs,Discharge,Crushing/Sieving,Smelting/Furnace,Alloy+Slag,Refining/Leaching,Recovered Metals,Precursors/Electrode,New Battery,LIB Recycling Direct Recycling,Spent LIBs,Discharge,Dis
6、assembly&Sorting,Cathode Delamination,Cathode Power Rec.,Relithiation/Rejuvenation,Electrode Recoating,Cell Assembly,New Battery,LIB Recycling Comparisons,SusMinT Laboratory Introduction,B.S.UKY)Postdoc&Assistant Research Professor Extractive Metallurgy(UKY)As