1、TURNING RISK INTO REWARD WITH A CIRCULAR ECONOMY FOR EV BATTERIES AND CRITICAL MINERALS0100030204CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYENDNOTES6447351794SYSTEMIC RISKS IN THE EV BATTERY VALUE CHAINA SYSTEM-LEVEL TRANSFORMATION TOWARDS A CIRCULAR EV BATTERY ECONOMYFIVE BRIGHT SPOTS TO ADVANCE CIRCULAR EV BATTERY

2、LEADERSHIPDEEP-DIVES AND CASE STUDIES ACROSS THE THREE LEVELS OF ACTION2Electric vehicles are scaling fast,and with them,the batteries and critical minerals that underpin the transition.This shift is creating major commercial opportunity,but it is also moving the automotive industry from fuel-centri

3、c to material-centric value chains,exposing businesses and economies to price volatility,supply bottlenecks,and growing environmental and social risks.Researched and written by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation,this report sets out how a practical,structural,and system-level view of circular economy ca

4、n reshape the EV battery economy to unlock economic value while building resilience.It articulates a system-level vision framework in which batteries deliver the greatest possible mobility and energy services;are kept in high-value use through maintenance,repair,refurbishment,and remanufacture;and a

5、re ultimately collected and recycled at high quality so critical minerals never become waste.This report translates this ambition into five reinforcing circular loops(from intensive use,life extension and cascading to second-life applications,high-quality recycling,and the information exchange that

6、enables them)and three levels of circular action:product and component design,business models,and the wider systems of infrastructure,finance,and policy.Our vision framework has been informed by over 15 years of circular economy research,advocacy,and collaboration across public and private sectors,a