全球化研究报告-PDF版

瑞典贸易投资委员会（Business Sweden）：2020年商业可持续发展报告（英文版）（60页）.pdf

Covid-19流行病是一场人道主义灾难国家边界被关闭，世界各地的自营职业者面临财务困境，全球价值链面临巨大压力。现在生活在绝对贫困线以下的人比21世纪任何时候都多，受气候变化负面影响的人比以往任何时.

2020-12-01 60页 5星级

诺华：2020年美国诺华公司报告（英文版）（20页）.pdf

对世界各地的人民和社会来说，今年是极具挑战性的一年。COVID-19大流行在全球范围内造成了一个多世纪以来从未有过的痛苦，并产生了持久的影响。对于诺华公司来说，这场危机使我们重新构想医学以改善和延长人们生活的目标更加紧迫。它激励我们找到新的方法来帮助病人，加强社区和促进可持续发展。这也是一个充满希望和复原力的时期，因为我们加快努力，开发针对严重疾病和病症的创新疗法，并满足患者的需求。当COVID-19危机来袭时，诺华立即动员起来保护我们的同事和他们的家人，以及参与我们临床试验的数千人。我们还果断采取行动，确保供应链安全，确保患者继续接受我们的药物和治疗。在流感大流行的早期，我们组建了一个特别工作组来检查我们对COVID-19潜在治疗方案的整个组合，并且我们进行了有助于提高对该疾病的科学认识的临床研究。这场危机促使诺华内部和整个制药行业的合作达到前所未有的水平，个人、团队和企业利用其集体创新能力和全球承诺，尽快结束这场流行病。COVID-19强调了迫切需要使医疗保健更公平、更灵敏、更易获得和患者负担得起。诺华明白这一点，更重要的是，它正在为此做一些事情。例如，我们正在采取大胆和创造性的行动，解决少数民族在临床试验中代表性不足的问题，这是发展创新药物的关键。临床试验参与的更大的多样性可以帮助我们建立一个更公平和响应性更强的医疗体系，惠及所有社会成员。另外，诺华美国基金会(Novartis US Foundation)已将医疗差距作为一个优先问题，作为其更广泛承诺的一部分，通过在国家和地方层面建立战略伙伴关系，推动美国实现更大的医疗公平。公平、公正和包容问题是今年夏天美国和其他地方种族正义抗议的核心，诺华认为帮助我们的同事和领导人公开、诚实地面对这些问题至关重要。去年9月，我们举办了首次反思日活动，鼓励我们在美国的员工学习、思考和谈论成为一个真正多元化和包容性组织的一部分意味着什么。我们计划每年举行的这一活动反映了我们坚定的信念，即在其核心，平等是一个人权问题。我们还认为多元化和包容性对于实现我们作为一家医疗保健公司的目标至关重要。我们将多元化原则深深地嵌入到公司文化中，并不断寻找加强这种承诺的方法，包括通过招聘、留任和晋升领导职位的政策。

2020-12-01 20页 5星级

美国国会预算办公室（CBO）：2020-2030年美国预算和经济前景报告（英文版）（89页）.pdf

美国国会预算办公室(CBO)定期发布报告，预测本年度、未来10年及以后的联邦赤字、债务、收入和支出情况，以及这些情况背后的经济走向，前提是现有的税收和支出法律基本保持不变。报告显示，累计10年赤字略高.

2020-12-01 89页 5星级

韦莱韬悦（WTW）：2020年并购保留率调查（英文版）（12页）.pdf

在不确定时期，如并购或业务重组期间，财务保留计划仍然是整体人才保留战略的关键因素。在正常时期，这是一个不断的挑战，在这个变化的时代，留住人才更是难上加难。保留计划提供了重要的时间基础;与人才建立关系的.

2020-12-01 12页 5星级

世界贸易组织：2020年世界贸易报告（英文版）（208页）.pdf

世界贸易组织发布了2020年世界贸易报告。世界贸易报告旨在加深对贸易趋势、贸易政策问题和多边贸易体系的理解；探讨了创新和技术政策在日益数字化的世界经济中的作用，并解释了世贸组织在不断变化的环境中的作用.

2020-12-01 208页 5星级

诺华公司（NOVARTIS）2020年美国报告（英文版）（20页）.pdf

对世界各地的人民和社会来说，今年是极具挑战性的一年。COVID-19大流行在全球范围内造成了一个多世纪以来从未有过的痛苦，并产生了持久的影响。对于诺华公司来说，这场危机使我们的目标更加紧迫，即重新构想药物，以改善和延长人们的生命。它激励我们找到新的方法来帮助病人，加强社区和促进可持续发展。这也是一个充满希望和复原力的时期，因为我们加快努力，为严重疾病和条件开发创新疗法，并满足患者需求。当COVID-19危机来袭时，诺华立即动员起来保护我们的同事和他们的家人，以及参与我们临床试验的数千人。我们还果断采取行动，确保供应链安全，确保患者继续接受我们的药物和治疗。在流感大流行的早期，我们组建了一个特别工作组来检查我们对COVID-19潜在治疗方案的整个组合，并且我们进行了有助于提高对该疾病的科学认识的临床研究。这场危机促使诺华内部和整个制药行业的合作达到前所未有的水平，个人、团队和企业利用其集体创新能力和全球承诺，尽快结束这场流行病。COVID-19强调了迫切需要使医疗保健更公平、更灵敏、更易获得和患者负担得起。诺华明白这一点，更重要的是，它正在为此做一些事情。例如，我们正在采取大胆和创造性的行动，解决少数民族在临床试验中代表性不足的问题，这是发展创新药物的关键。临床试验参与的更大的多样性可以帮助我们建立一个更公平和响应性更强的医疗体系，惠及所有社会成员。另外，诺华美国基金会(Novartis US Foundation)已将医疗差距作为一个优先问题，作为其更广泛承诺的一部分，通过在国家和地方层面建立战略伙伴关系，推动美国实现更大的医疗公平。

2020-12-01 20页 5星级

R street：2020年美国保险监管报告（英文版）（28页）.pdf

这份年度报告体现了有限和高效的政府原则，将其应用于管理保险业务的公共政策。这份报告表明，总的来说，几乎每个州都实行一定程度的评级和承销监管，各州在鼓励竞争和确保保险市场偿付能力方面做了有效的工作。本报告试图回答三个基本问题: 1.消费者选择他们想要的保险产品的自由度有多大？2.保险公司提供消费者想要的保险产品的自由度有多大？3.各国如何有效地履行职责，监控保险公司的偿付能力，并打造竞争性的私营保险市场？本报告分析总结了2020年美国各州的保险监管情况，计算了每个州的得分，将所有7个变量的加权结果相加，然后从平均数中计算出一个标准差。平均值是60.7，标准差是7.8。最大的提升出现在南达科他州(从C 到A);阿拉巴马州(从C到B-);亚利桑那州(从A-到A );和科罗拉多州(从D 下降到C)。降幅最大的是佛蒙特州(从A 下降到B)和西弗吉尼亚州(从C下降到D )。

2020-12-01 28页 5星级

美国半导体行业协会：2020美国半导体行业报告（英文版）（20页）.pdf

STATE OF THE U.S. SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY 2020 2 | SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION INTRODUCTION U.

2020-10-30 20页 5星级

MindBody：2020年美国水疗趋势报告（英文版）（40页）.pdf

美国2020年水疗趋势身心健康指数一封来自我们的信健康意味着达到身体、心理和社交健康的完整状态，这需要健康来实现“健康”不是一个需要检查的盒子，也不是一个需要到达的目的地。这是一个通向更健康的身心的持.

2020-10-10 40页 5星级

MindBody：2020年美国健身趋势报告（英文版）（43页）.pdf

爱你，心身阅读全文全美健身美国人最喜欢的方式来实现2020年的愿景:下一个是什么钱和动机对整体健身的满意度为什么健身很重要关键要点全美健身美国顶级城市如何“融入”这幅图中。加州洛杉矶市的居民锻炼最多8.

2020-10-10 43页 5星级

2020我国与美国生活用纸行业比较分析市场驱动因素产业研究报告（45页）.pptx

2020年深度行业分析研究报告,一张图看懂本文框架,欣欣向荣期 (1970年之前),美国居民持续增长的财富有效 促进了消费潜力的释放,行业整合期 (1970-2000),“镀金时代”、“婴儿潮”带 来.

2020-09-27 46页 5星级

2020年美国网上零售药房店行业发展现状及趋势市场产业研究报告（33页）.pptx

2020年深度行业分析研究报告,目录,美国零售药房行业发展回顾及二级市场复盘,01,02,03,美国零售药房行业集中度提升趋势复盘与分析,美国网上药店的发展回顾与分析,04,国内零售药房行业趋势及相关.

2020-09-27 34页 5星级

2020年美国汽车售后维修服务市场行业产业龙头企业分析研究报告（54页）.docx

2020 年深度行业分析研究报告正文目录引言与结论：美国汽车后市场牛股倍出的原因与启发4美国汽车后市场：规模大，增长稳健5美国汽车市场：新车销量见顶，保有量逐步增加5美国汽车后市场：2000-2019.

2020-09-27 54页 5星级

2020年美国基础设施REITs市场发展现状典型案例行业研究产业报告（32页）.docx

2020 年深度行业分析研究报告内容目录1. 基础设施 REITs 介绍62. 美国基础设施 REITs 市场发展现状：起步晚发展快，收益率高流动性风险小63. 典型基础设施 REITs 介绍103.

2020-09-27 34页 5星级

2020全球美国及我国涂料行业市场发展现状比较分析产业研究报告（36页）.docx

一般而言，涂料根据化学属性可以分为有机涂料和无机涂料，其中有机涂料按用途可以分 为建筑涂料、OEM 涂料（Original Equipment Manufacture，相当于国内常用的工业涂料） 和特.

2020-09-27 36页 5星级

2020年美国金融体系中的气候风险管理报告 - 美国商品期货委员会（英文版）（196页）.pdf

MANAGING CLIMATE RISK IN THE U.S. FINANCIAL SYSTEM Report of the Climate-Related Market Risk Subcommittee, Market Risk Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission Commissioner Rostin Behnam, Sponsor Bob Litterman, Chairman Library of Congress Control Number: 2020915930 ISBN: 978-0-578-74841-2 This report is approved by the Subcommittee on Climate-Related Market Risk of the Market Risk Advisory Committee (MRAC). The views, analyses, and conclusions expressed herein reflect the work of the Subcommittee on Climate-Related Market Risk of the MRAC, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the MRAC, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission or its staff, or the U.S. Government. Reference to any products, services, websites, organizations, or enterprises, or the use of any organization, trade, firm, or corporation name is for informational purposes only and does not constitute endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government. To view individual subcommittee members concurring statements, if any, please see cftc.gov. MANAGING CLIMATE RISK IN THE U.S. FINANCIAL SYSTEM Report of the Climate-Related Market Risk Subcommittee, Market Risk Advisory Committee of the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission Commissioner Rostin Behnam, Sponsor David Gillers, Chief of Staff, Office of Commissioner Behnam Bob Litterman, Chairman Leonardo Martinez-Diaz, Editor Jesse M. Keenan, Editor Stephen Moch, Associate Editor Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i List of Tables and Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi List of Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii Chapter 1: Introduction to Finance in the Face of Climate Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Chapter 2: Physical and Transition Risks in the Context of the United States . . . . . . . 11 Chapter 3: Implications of Climate Change for the U.S. Financial System. . . . . . . . . . 25 Chapter 4: Existing Authorities and Recommendations for Financial Regulators . . . . . 41 Chapter 5: A Closer Look at Climate Risk Management and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Chapter 6: A Closer Look at Climate Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Chapter 7: A Closer Look at Climate Risk Disclosure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Chapter 8: A Closer Look at Financing the Net-Zero Transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 List of Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Members of the Climate-Related Market Risk Subcommittee. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Table of Contents Climate change poses a major risk to the stability of the U.S. financial system and to its ability to sustain the American economy. Climate change is already impacting or is anticipated to impact nearly every facet of the economy, including infrastructure, agriculture, residential and commercial property, as well as human health and labor productivity. Over time, if significant action is not taken to check rising global average temperatures, climate change impacts could impair the productive capacity of the economy and undermine its ability to generate employment, income, and opportunity. Even under optimistic emissions- reduction scenarios, the United States, along with countries around the world, will have to continue to cope with some measure of climate change-related impacts. This reality poses complex risks for the U.S. financial system. Risks include disorderly price adjustments in various asset classes, with possible spillovers into different parts of the financial system, as well as potential disruption of the proper functioning of financial markets. In addition, the process of combating climate change itselfwhich demands a large-scale transition to a net-zero emissions economywill pose risks to the financial system if markets and market participants prove unable to adapt to rapid changes in policy, technology, and consumer preferences. Financial system stress, in turn, may further exacerbate disruptions in economic activity, for example, by limiting the availability of credit or reducing access to certain financial products, such as hedging instruments and insurance. A major concern for regulators is what we dont know. While understanding about particular kinds of climate risk is advancing quickly, understanding about how different types of climate risk could interact remains in an incipient stage. Physical and transition risks may well unfold in parallel, compounding the challenge. Climate risks may also exacerbate financial system vulnerabilities that have little to do with climate change, such as historically high levels of corporate leverage. This is particularly concerning in the short- and medium-term, as the COVID 19 pandemic is likely to leave behind stressed balance sheets, strained government budgets, and depleted household wealth, which, taken together, undermine the resilience of the financial system to future shocks. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive Summary The central message of this report is that U.S. financial regulators must recognize that climate change poses serious emerging risks to the U.S. financial system, and they should move urgently and decisively to measure, understand, and address these risks. Achieving this goal calls for strengthening regulators capabilities, expertise, and data and tools to better monitor, analyze, and quantify climate risks. It calls for working closely with the private sector to ensure that financial institutions and market participants do the same. And it calls for policy and regulatory choices that are flexible, open-ended, and adaptable to new information about climate change and its risks, based on close and iterative dialogue with the private sector. At the same time, the financial community should not simply be reactiveit should provide solutions. Regulators should recognize that the financial system can itself be a catalyst for investments that accelerate economic resilience and the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. Financial innovations, in the form of new financial products, services, and technologies, can help the U.S. economy better manage climate risk and help channel more capital into technologies essential for the transition. Findings of the Report This report begins with a fundamental findingfinancial markets will only be able to channel resources efficiently to activities that reduce greenhouse gas emissions if an economy-wide price on carbon is in place at a level that reflects the true social cost of those emissions. Addressing climate change will require policy frameworks that incentivize the fair and effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In the absence of such a price, financial markets will operate suboptimally, and capital will continue to flow in the wrong direction, rather than toward accelerating the transition to a net-zero emissions economy. At the same time, policymakers must be sensitive to the distributional impacts of carbon pricing and other policies and ensure that the burden does not fall on low-to-moderate income households and on historically marginalized communities. This report recognizes that pricing carbon is beyond the remit of financial regulators; it is the job of Congress. A central finding of this report is that climate change could pose systemic risks to the U.S. financial system. Climate change is expected to affect multiple sectors, geographies, and assets in the United States, sometimes simultaneously and within a relatively short timeframe. As mentioned earlier, transition and physical risksas well as climate and non-climate-related riskscould interact with each other, amplifying shocks and stresses. This raises the prospect of spillovers that could disrupt multiple parts of the financial system simultaneously. In addition, systemic shocks are more likely in an environment in which financial assets do not fully reflect climate-related physical and transition risks. A sudden revision of market perceptions about climate risk could lead to a disorderly repricing of assets, which could in turn have cascading effects on portfolios and balance sheets and therefore systemic implications for financial stability. MANAGING CLIMATE RISK IN THE U.S. FINANCIAL SYSTEMii At the same time, this report finds that regulators should also be concerned about the risk of climate-related “sub-systemic” shocks. Sub-systemic shocks are defined in this report as those that affect financial markets or institutions in a particular sector, asset class, or region of the country, but without threatening the stability of the financial system as a whole. This is especially relevant for the United States, given the countrys size and its financial system, which includes thousands of financial institutions, many regulated at the state level. Sub-systemic shocks related to climate change can undermine the financial health of community banks, agricultural banks, or local insurance markets, leaving small businesses, farmers, and households without access to critical financial services. This is particularly damaging in areas that are already underserved by the financial system, which includes low-to-moderate income communities and historically marginalized communities. The report finds that, in general, existing legislation already provides U.S. financial regulators with wide-ranging and flexible authorities that could be used to start addressing financial climate-related risk now. This is true across four areasoversight of systemic financial risk, risk management of particular markets and financial institutions, disclosure and investor protection, and the safeguarding of financial sector utilities. Presently, however, these authorities and tools are not being fully utilized to effectively monitor and manage climate risk. Further rulemaking, and in some cases legislation, may be necessary to ensure a coordinated national response. While some early adopters have moved faster than others in recent years, regulators and market participants around the world are generally in the early stages of under- standing and experimenting with how best to monitor and manage climate risk. Given the considerable complexities and data challenges involved, this report points to the need for regulators and market participants to adopt pragmatic approaches that stress continual monitoring, experimentation, learning, and global coordination. Regulatory approaches in this area are evolving and should remain open to refinement, especially as understanding of climate risk continues to advance and new data and tools become available. Insufficient data and analytical tools to measure and manage climate-related financial risks remain a critical constraint. To undertake climate risk analysis that can inform decision-making across the financial system, regulators and financial institutions need reliable, consistent, and comparable data and projections for climate risks, exposure, sensitivity, vulnerability, and adaptation and resilience. Demand will likely grow for public and open access to climate data, including for primary data collected by the government. Public data will enable market participants to, among other things, compare publicly available disclosure information and sustainability-benchmarked financial products. At the same time, proprietary data and analytical products can introduce innovations that improve climate risk management. A key challenge will be how best to balance the need for transparency through public data on one hand, with the need to foster private innovation through proprietary data, on the other. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The lack of common definitions and standards for climate-related data and financial products is hindering the ability of market participants and regulators to monitor and manage climate risk. While progress has been made in this area thanks to voluntary disclosure frameworks and work by foreign regulators, the lack of standards, and differences among standards, remains a barrier to effective climate risk management. The problem is compounded by a lack of international coordination on data and methodology standards. A common set of definitions for climate risk data, including modeling and calculation methodologies, is important for developing the consistent, comparable, and reliable data required for effective risk management. Also, taxonomies or classification systems can help foster greater transparency and comparability in markets for financial products labeled as “green” or “sustainable.” Climate-related scenario analysis can be a useful tool to enable regulators and market participants to understand and manage climate-related risks. Scenarios illustrate the complex connections and dependencies across technologies, policies, geographies, societal behaviors, and economic outcomes as the world shifts toward a net-zero emissions future. Scenario analysis can help organizations integrate climate risks and opportunities into a broader risk management framework, as well as understand the potential short-term impact of specific triggering events. Scenario analysis is gaining traction in several contexts, both domestically and internationally, and regulators are increasingly using scenario analysis to foster greater risk awareness among financial market actors. Yet, the limitations of scenario analysis should be recognized. While useful, climate scenarios and the models that analyze them have important limitations. Scenarios are sensitive to key assumptions and parameters, most have been developed for purposes other than financial risk analysis, and they cannot fully capture all the potential effects of climate- and policy-driven outcomes. Scenario analysis should have a valuable place in the risk management toolkit, but it should be used with full awareness of what it can and cannot do. The disclosure by corporations of information on material, climate-related financial risks is an essential building block to ensure that climate risks are measured and managed effectively. Disclosure of such information enables financial regulators and market participants to better understand climate change impacts on financial m

2020-09-25 196页 5星级

麦肯锡（McKinsey）：亚洲未来报告（英文版）（20页）.pdf

July 2019 Asias future is now McKinsey Global Institute Since its founding in 1990, the McKinsey Glo.

2020-08-01 20页 5星级

国际海上保险联盟（IUMI）：2020年全球海上保险报告（英文版）（63页）.pdf

有些数字是估计的。根据IUMI的定义，数据报告的程度是可能的，但可能不是所有国家都完全一致。年份比较，请比较更新后的保费及损失率!(下载于)所有信息仅为信息性质，不具约束力。与海运市场表现有关的数字反.

2020-07-02 63页 5星级

Adjust：2020年移动金融报告-银行、支付和投资类应用的全球数据基准（英文版）（29页）.pdf

我们的主要发现包括:从2020年1月到6月，允许用户通过手机直接交易股票的投资应用程序的活跃度大幅增长，平均每天增长88%。在全球范围内，投资应用是2020年Adjust跟踪的增长第二快的垂直领域，A.

2020-07-02 29页 5星级

Adjust：2020年移动应用趋势报告（英文版）（32页）.pdf

在3月的最后一周，该平台的安装量比去年增长了一倍多(132%)，因为全球用户待在家里的时间越来越长。总体而言，与2019年第一季度相比，2020年第一季度游戏应用的使用次数增加了47%，安装量增加了7.

2020-07-02 32页 5星级