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1、THE GROWING THREAT OF CARNIVOROUS AQUACULTURE Ashley ChristianoContentsExecutive summary.4Glossary.6Objectives.8Aquaculture a growing,global industry.9Aquaculture growth in Europe driven by Norway.11Aquaculture in Norway.12Risk&reward in carnivorous aquaculture.14Trade of FMFO.17Expansion of existin

2、g carnivorous aquaculture in Europe.20Expansion of new species in Europe.25Spains growing dependence on unsustainable feed sources and aquaculture species.26A closer look at Spains FMFO sourcing.26Octopus farming in Spain .30What are the alternatives to FMFO?.33By-products.34Plant-based proteins and

3、 oils .35Algae.36Insects.36Single-cell proteins.37Alternative feeds and the future.38Looking ahead:Policy pathways and recommendations .39Conclusion.41References.42Methods.46Aquaculture Production.46Historical Aquaculture Production.46Projected Carnivorous Aquaculture Production.46Projected Octopus

4、Aquaculture in Spain.47FMFO Trade .48Annex.49COMPASSION IN WORLD FARMING INTERNATIONAL(CIWF)is the leading international farm animal welfare charity.It was founded in 1967 by British dairy farmer Peter Roberts and now operates globally,including in Europe,the US,Asia and Africa.Our mission is to end

5、 factory farming.We work with policymakers,food businesses and civil society to protect animals and the environment,driving shifts to regenerative and sustainable food systems that produce nutritious food,respect animal welfare,and work with nature.This report was produced by MarFishEco Fisheries Co

6、nsultants Ltd in collaboration with CIWF.Pressmaster/Envato ElementsExecutive summaryAquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors worldwide.Often presented as a solution to rising seafood demand,its continued expansion,particularly of carnivorous species,raises serious environme