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经济学人智库(EIU):2025可持续发展展望报告:气候风险与监管发展(英文版)(15页).pdf

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1、1 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2025Sustainability outlook Climate risks and regulatory developmentsOctober 2025Climate risks and regulatory developmentsSustainability outlook 2 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2025Sustainability outlook Climate risks and regulatory developmentsOcto

2、ber 2025Contents3 Overview3 Introduction3 Energy transition outlook4 National emissions trajectories5 Notable regulations7 Regulation of key sectors8 Physical climate impacts9 Political and social risks10 Meet the EIU team11 EIU3 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2025Sustainability outlook Cli

3、mate risks and regulatory developmentsOctober 2025OverviewIntroductionEnergy transition outlookGlobal action against climate change is facing increasing headwinds.The US president,Donald Trump,has repealed much of US climate policy.Europe has slowed its pace of new climate policies as national gover

4、nments prioritise security and competitiveness over decarbonisation.China,the worlds largest emitter,was responsible for nearly half of new solar installations and two-thirds of new wind installations globally in 2024,but has also stepped up its approval of new coal power plants.The most ambitious g

5、oal of the Paris Agreementthe international agreement to limit global warmingof keeping global temperatures within 1.5 C of pre-industrial levels looks unattainable.Although global policy is currently not aligned with the Paris Agreements 2C target,this goal remains attainable if emission reductions

6、 are accelerated beyond current plans.Within this short report we have summarised the main developments around key national trajectories,notable regulations,physical climate impacts,political and social risk,and the energy transition outlook.Over 75%of global CO2 emissions stem from energy and fuel

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根据《Sustainability outlook: Climate risks and regulatory developments》报告,以下是全文关键点: 1. 全球气候政策面临挑战,美国和欧洲政策放缓,中国增加煤炭发电。 2. 全球能源转型预测显示,到2030年代,能源相关排放将放缓并趋于平稳。 3. 美国通胀削减法案(IRA)推动绿色工业补贴,但部分被取消。 4. 国家或区域碳定价系统(如排放交易系统)是有效的监管工具,但存在争议。 5. 欧盟碳边界调整机制(CBAM)将从2026年起对进口能源密集型商品征税。 6. 政策重点在于电力、地面交通、工业、航空和航运等关键领域的脱碳。 7. 气候变化导致自然灾害增多,对运营和财务风险构成威胁。 8. 政治和社会风险增加,特别是粮食安全风险可能导致政治不稳定。 9. 富裕国家面临日益增长的适应成本,需要大量投资。
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