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1、14 October 2025Allianz ResearchFeeding a Securing food and economic stability in warming worlda changing climateAllianz Research3Content Page 3-4 Executive SummaryPage 5-15 Agriculture at the crossroads of nourishment and naturePage 16-23 The climate threat to agriculturePage 24-31 The economic impa

2、ct of droughts on agriculturePage 32-36 Adaptation of the agriculture sector14 October 20253SummaryExecutiveHazem KricheneSenior Economist,C In the 80 years since World Food Day was first established,the transformation of agriculture,fueled by fertilizers and international trade,has helped reduce gl

3、obal hunger albeit unevenly across regions.Since 1961,the global calorie supply has increased by around+35%,contributing to a reduction in undernourishment worldwide.While global hunger declined by almost-4%between 2000 and 2023,South-Eastern Asia lowered the prevalence of hunger from 20%to 6%during

4、 the same period,with Latin America and parts of South Asia recording comparable improvements.Yet,Sub-Saharan Africa continues to face acute food insecurity,with nearly one-quarter of its population undernourished.But advancements in agriculture have come with high environmental and systemic costs.T

5、he transport of agricultural products generates roughly 3 gigatons of CO equivalent annually,accounting for nearly one-fifth of total emissions from the food system.Food freight represents less than one-fifth of overall transport activity but produces over one-quarter of transport-related emissions,

6、with fruit and vegetable shipments especially intensive.Fertilizer inefficiency is another major challenge:on average,only 40%of applied nitrogen is absorbed by crops.The remainder leaks into ecosystems,degrading water quality and creating hypoxic“dead zones”.In the US alone,damages from freshwater