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1、DECEMBER 2024ReportRealising WAs green iron potentialThis document is intended for general informational purposes only.The analysis in this report was commissioned by the Chamber of Minerals and Energy of Western Australia and prepared by Mandala.Mandala is an economics research and advisory firm.Ma

2、ndala specialises in combining cutting-edge data and advanced analytical techniques to generate new insights and fresh perspectives on the challenges facing businesses and governments.Views and opinions expressed in this document are prepared in good faith and based on Mandalas knowledge and underst

3、anding of its area of business,markets and technology.Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice.No part of this document may be reproduced in any manner without the written permission of Mandala.DECEMBER 2024Note:All dollar figures are Australian dollars unless indicated otherwi

4、se.ContentsExecutive summaryThe role of WA iron ore in the global economyThe race to decarbonise the steel value chainWAs green iron potentialUnlocking the benefits of a WA green iron industry3491419Executive summarySteelmaking is highly carbon-intensive,accounting for 6%to 9%of global emissions eac

5、h year.Ironmaking generates up to 90%of steel emissions under the most common process.Current decarbonisation options for ironmaking use higher-grade iron ore feedstocks,including magnetite,or increasing production via the Direct Reduced Iron(DRI)pathway.While DRI offers substantial emissions reduct

6、ion potential,less than 5%of global iron ore meets the required purity level.Transformational reductions in ironmaking emissions will require the development and commercialisation of new processes capable of producing green iron using lower-grade ore feedstocks.As the worlds largest iron ore exporte