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兰德公司(RAND):2025洛杉矶单户住宅韧性与可持续制冷策略研究报告(中译版)(44页).pdf

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1、HYE MIN PARK,KELLY KLIMA,SOPHIA CHARAN,JAVIER ROJAS AGUILERAIdentifying Resilient,Sustainable Cooling Strategies for Los AngelesHow Might Landlords of Single-Family Homes Meet Indoor Temperature Thresholds?As climate change intensifies,the world will have more-frequent,more-severe,and more-prolonged

2、 heat waves.1 Recent research indicates that such events can be dangerous and,in some cases,deadlyespecially for older adults and young children.2 As these events get worse,they might lead to even more ill health effects and deaths than we have seen his-torically.Increasingly,individual communities

3、are considering how to adapt to these heat risks in ways that account for their local context and populations.3 One of these communities is the County of Los Angeles in California.Historically,Los Angeles County has had a mild climate;the mean daily maximum temperature generally stays below 80 degre

4、es Fahrenheit(F)at Los Angeles Inter-national Airport,4 91F in Pasadena,5 and 95F in the San Fernando Valley.6 More recently(such as in 2018 and again in 2024),7 Los Angeles County has seen high temperatures of more than 110F,with statistically significant increases in heat illnesses,emergency servi

5、ces,and hospitalization rates during these heat wave events.8 Heat-related illnesses and deaths are preventable,and cooling indoor temperatures via air conditioning(A/C)is the most common protective measure.9 However,more than 1.1 million units(or more than 30 percent of residential homes)in Los Ang

6、eles County lack any cooling devices,10 and renters face more challenges than homeowners to access cooling in their homes.Given this context and the high level of renters in the county,11 the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors began working in 2024 to develop an ordinance that would establish a

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本文主要研究了洛杉矶县制定室内最高温度阈值条例对单户出租房屋的影响。主要内容包括: 1. 洛杉矶县有超过12.4万个没有空调的单户出租房屋,如果这些房屋都安装空调并在热浪期间使用,将给电网带来巨大压力。 2. 安装整个房屋的窗口空调器可能无法满足室内温度阈值,并且租户的电费可能更高。 3. 空调系统的效率等级和压缩机系统都会影响峰值能源使用。 4. 更高效率的系统可以降低峰值和年能源需求,但提高安装成本。 5. 被动冷却可以增加最大室内温度低于阈值的时间,并降低年能源需求,但不会减少峰值负载,除非完全实施。 6. 在断电期间,当考虑被动冷却措施时,室内不安全温度的强度和持续时间之间存在权衡。 7. 只冷却一个房间与冷却整个房屋相比,可以减少所有被动冷却水平和天气条件下的峰值能源使用。 8. 较高的恒温器设定点,如82°F,可以减少年能源使用,但增加不安全条件和不一定减少峰值负载。 9. 在最糟糕的热浪期间,所有全屋主动冷却方法与某些被动冷却方法结合使用时,都无法满足室内安全温度阈值。
洛杉矶县如何应对极端热浪? 被动冷却策略在电力中断期间表现如何? 提高空调效率是否有助于减少电力峰值负荷?
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