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1、THE STANFORD EMERGING TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2025A Report on Ten Key Technologies and Their Policy ImplicationsCO-CHAIRSCondoleezza Rice John B.Taylor Jennifer Widom Amy ZegartDIRECTOR AND EDITOR IN CHIEFHerbert S.LinStanford University Stanford,CaliforniaMANAGING EDITORMartin GilesCONTENTSFOREWORD4EXECU

2、TIVE SUMMARY10INTRODUCTION18The Role of Science and Technology in Advancing National Interests18 Policy for Science and Technology19Ten Science and Technology Fields1901Artificial Intelligence2102Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology3903Cryptography5304Lasers6505Materials Science7706Neuroscience9107Ro

3、botics10308Semiconductors11509Space12710Sustainable Energy Technologies14111Crosscutting Themes and Commonalities156Key Observations About How Technologies Evolve over Time157Common Innovation Enablers and Inhibitors16412Technology Applications by Policy Area174Economic Growth174National Security176

4、Environmental and Energy Sustainability177Health and Medicine179Civil Society180CONCLUSION182LEADERSHIP184ACKNOWLEDGMENTS1884government offices are likely to set trajectories for the United States and the world for years to come.Now more than ever,understanding the landscape of discovery and how to

5、harness technology to forge a better future requires working across sectors,fields,and generations.Universities like Stanford have a vital role to play in this effort.In 2023,we launched the Stanford Emerging Technology Review(SETR),the first-ever collaboration between Stanford Universitys School of

6、 Engineering and the Hoover Institution.Our goal is ambitious:transforming tech-nology education for decision makers in both the public and private sectors so that the United States can seize opportunities,mitigate risks,and ensure the American innovation ecosystem continues to thrive.This is our la