ITIF：203美国的量子政策方针研究报告（英文版）（32页）.pdf

1、 CENTER FOR DATA INNOVATION 1 The U.S.Approach to Quantum Policy By Hodan Omaar|October 10,2023 The governments interest in quantum technologies dates back at least to the mid-1990s,when the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST),Department of Defense(DOD),and National Science Foundati

2、on(NSF)held their first workshops on the topic.1 NSF described the field of quantum information science in a 1999 workshop as“a new field of science and technology,combining and drawing on the disciplines of physical science,mathematics,computer science,and engineering.Its aim is to understand how c

3、ertain fundamental laws of physics discovered earlier in this century can be harnessed to dramatically improve the acquisition,transmission,and processing of information.”2 In the nearly 25 years since NSFs first workshop,quantum information science has advanced and its potential to drive major adva

4、nces in computing power,secure communication,and scientific discovery have become more apparent.The U.S.government has rightly recognized that it needs to play an active role in ensuring the nation remains competitive in this critical field.OVERVIEW OF CURRENT U.S.POLICY APPROACH Quantum information

5、 science(QIS)is an umbrella term encompassing several different technologies.In this report,“QIS”or“quantum”encompasses the following five technologies:Quantum sensing and metrologyQuantum sensing and metrology,which refers to the use of quantum mechanics to enhance sensors and measurement science.C

6、ENTER FOR DATA INNOVATION 2 Quantum computingQuantum computing,which refers to the development of computers that use quantum mechanics to perform calculations exponentially faster than classical computers.Quantum networkingQuantum networking,which refers to the development of secure communication pr