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世界银行:2026中东、北非、阿富汗及巴基斯坦发展政策路径研究报告:筑牢粮食安全 拓宽就业渠道(英文版)(186页).pdf

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1、M I D D L E E A S T,N O R T H A F R I C A,A F G H A N I S T A N,A N D P A K I S T A ND E V E L O P M E N T R E P O R TBuilding Food Security,Creating JobsPolicy Pathways for the RegionBuilding Food Security,CreatingJobs This book,along with any associated content or subsequent updates,can be accesse

2、d at https:/ Disclosure Statement:This report was written entirely by the authors.AI tools were not used to generate any ideas,arguments,analysis,data,or references contained herein.Microsoft Copilot and the World Banks mAI platform were used during the preparation of this report to support light ed

3、iting,between November 2025 and May 2026.Scan to see all titles in this series.Building Food Security,CreatingJobsPolicy Pathways for the RegionMIDDLE EAST,NORTH AFRICA,AFGHANISTAN,AND PAKISTAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Street

4、NW,Washington,DC 20433Telephone:202-473-1000;Internet:www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 4 29 28 27 26This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions.The findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of

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1. **区域粮食安全恶化**:MENAAP地区18%人口(1.42亿)面临粮食不安全,其中82万人处于危机级别(IPC 3+),冲突是主因(FCV经济体占50%)。 2. **需求增长与挑战**:2050年食品需求将增长67%,需通过减少浪费(当前1/3食物损失)和健康饮食政策应对。 3. **生产与水资源约束**:国内生产仅满足61%热量需求,农业占87%用水,需投资节水技术(如滴灌)和气候创新。 4. **贸易依赖与风险**:净食品进口占GDP 4%(全球平均0.5%),但进口节约“虚拟水”,需优化物流和储备政策。 5. **就业机会**:农业系统提供30%就业(6300万人),私营部门投资可创造500万等效岗位,需改善营商环境。 6. **投资缺口**:年需120亿美元(灌溉+创新),当前农业补贴占GDP 0.4%,需转向高效公共支出。
食物安全危机? 如何创造农业就业? 水资源如何管理?
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