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经合组织(OECD):2026拉脱维亚经济调研报告(英文版)(131页).pdf

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1、OECD Economic Surveys:Latvia 2026June 2026Volume 2026/14versionlaunchOECD Economic Surveys:Latvia2026versionlaunchThis work was approved and declassified by the Economic and Development Review Committee on 28 May 2026.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice to

2、 the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the OECD

3、 is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republic of TrkiyeThe information in this document with reference to“Cyprus”relates to the southern part of the Island.There is no singleau

4、thority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.Trkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus(TRNC).Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations,Trkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the“Cyprus issue”.Note by all

5、the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Trkiye.Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.Kosovo

6、*:This designation is without prejudice to positions on status,and is in line with United Nations Security CouncilResolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovos declaration ofindependence.Please cite this publication as:OECD(2026),OECD Economic Surveys:L

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1. **经济复苏与挑战**:2025年拉脱维亚经济开始复苏,GDP增长2.1%,但面临人口老龄化(工作年龄人口2024-2030年预计下降6%)和劳动力短缺问题,单位劳动力成本上升影响出口竞争力。 2. **财政压力**:财政赤字扩大至-2.5%(2025年),公共债务升至46.9%;需通过提高税收效率(如财产税、环境税)、打击逃税(强制电子工资支付)和优化支出(如医疗、养老金)来稳定债务。 3. **绿色转型**:温室气体减排放缓,需扩大可再生能源(风能、太阳能)、淘汰化石燃料补贴,并加强交通和建筑领域减排。 4. **健康与行政改革**:医疗支出占GDP仅7.6%(OECD平均9.3%),需增加公共投入、数字化医疗系统;行政效率低,需简化流程、整合公共机构并加强数据共享。 5. **关键数据**:出口依赖欧盟(占63%),研发投入仅0.8%GDP(OECD平均2.7%),健康预期寿命75.6年(OECD平均81.2年)。
拉脱维亚经济前景如何? 如何提升拉脱维亚医疗水平? 绿色转型有何挑战?
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