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国际劳工组织:2026在中国“新”经济与人口结构背景下如何平衡工作与家庭:探讨政策选择及其对女性和性别平等的影响报告(中译版)(88页).pdf

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1、在中国“新”经济与人口结构背景下如何平衡工作与家庭ILO Balancing work and family in Chinas new economic and demographic context Policy choices and their implications for women and gender equality Balancing work and family in Chinas new economic and demographic context Policy choices and their implications for women and gende

2、r equality International Labour Organization 2025.First published 2025.Attribution 4.0 International(CC BY 4.0)This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.See:creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0.The user is allowed to reuse,share(copy and redistribute),adapt(remix,

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1. **中国人口挑战**:2023年人口降至14.09亿,出生率降至6.34‰(2024年),总和生育率仅1.2;65岁以上人口占比15.4%(2023年),老龄化速度全球最快。 2. **女性负担**:女性日均无偿照料工作225分钟(2018年),远高于男性;生育导致女性就业率下降6.6%,职业发展受阻。 3. **政策局限**:当前生育激励(如三孩政策、现金补贴)未解决核心矛盾——女性在育儿与职业间的“艰难选择”,且托育服务供给不足。 4. **国际经验**:需系统性政策(如北欧性别平等、东亚低生育应对),强调男性育儿责任、反就业歧视及公共服务投入。 5. **核心建议**:通过“5R框架”(认可、报酬、再分配等)重构照料责任分配,平衡生产与再生产,赋能女性兼顾家庭与职业。
生育率为何低迷? 女性如何平衡工作与家庭? 养老压力如何缓解?
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