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世界银行(WBG):2026乌兹别克斯坦第三次农业公共支出评估报告(英文版)(98页).pdf

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1、2026UZBEKISTANThird AgriculturePublic Expenditure ReviewPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure Authorized 2026 The World Bank 1818 H Street NW,Washington DC 20433 Telephone:202-473-1000Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved.This

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1. **农业经济地位**:2023年农业占乌兹别克斯坦GDP的24.3%、就业的23.9%和出口的20.4%,是减贫、粮食安全和气候风险缓解的关键。 2. **公共支出增长**:2020-2023年农业公共支出从24.9万亿增至27.2万亿苏姆(占GDP的2.8%),但全球占比最高(超中国、哈萨克斯坦等),未显著提升生产力。 3. **补贴问题**:94.7%的农业基金用于棉花和小麦生产,导致氮肥使用量(255公斤/公顷)超全球平均74%,扭曲市场并加剧环境压力。 4. **创新投入不足**:农业研发支出仅占农业总产出的0.06%(国际基准为0.5%),技术推广服务碎片化,制约生产力提升。 5. **气候挑战**:气候预计将导致农业劳动生产力下降3.5%、棉花产量下降8%,但气候智能农业投资回报可达成本的2-3倍。 6. **改革方向**:需转向非贸易扭曲性支持(如WTO“绿箱”政策),加强土地 tenure 安全,推广节水技术,并优化补贴治理以提升效率。
农业补贴有效吗? 水资源如何管理? 土地改革进展如何?
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