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联合国贸发会议:2025年贸易优惠安排展望报告:驾驭不确定性时期(英文版)(75页).pdf

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1、Trade Preferences Outlook 2025 Navigating in times of uncertaintyTechnical and statistical reportUNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENTTrade Preferences Outlook 2025Navigating in times of uncertaintyTechnical and statistical reportUNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENTTrade P

2、references Outlook 2025Navigating in times of uncertainty 2026,United NationsAll rights reserved worldwideRequests to reproduce excerpts or to photocopy should be addressed to the Copyright Clearance Center at .All other queries on rights and licences,including subsidiary rights,should be addressed

3、to:United Nations Publications405 East 42nd Street,S-11FW001New York,New York 10017United States of AmericaEmail:publicationsun.orgWebsite:https:/shop.un.org/The designations employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on th

4、e part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.Mention of any firm or licensed process does not imply the endorsement of the United Nations.This publication has not bee

5、n formally edited.United Nations publication issued by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD/DITC/TSCE/2026/1ISBN:978-92-1-158814-9eISBN:978-92-1-154751-1Sales No.E.26.II.D.12Trade Preferences Outlook 2025Navigating in times of uncertaintyiiiAcknowledgementsTrade Preferences

6、Outlook 2025 was prepared under the general guidance of Luz Mara de la Mora,Director of the Division on International Trade and Commodities of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD),and under the supervision of Miho Shirotori,by a team composed of Taisuke Ito,Mesut Saygili an

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1. **非互惠贸易偏好(NRTPs)对发展中国家至关重要**:NRTPs(如GSP、AGOA、EBA)为最不发达国家(LDCs)提供零关税或低关税市场准入,2024年占LDCs出口的70%,其中中国(22%)、欧盟(17%)、美国(8%)为主要市场。 2. **NRTPs稳定性受威胁**:全球贸易政策不确定性上升(2025年贸易不确定性指数达新高),叠加美国2025年终止多项NRTPs(如AGOA、GSP),导致LDCs面临关税骤增。例如,LDCs对美平均关税从1.7%升至13.3%,制造业出口国(如孟加拉国、莱索托)受冲击最大。 3. **偏好终止的贸易冲击**:历史案例显示, abrupt终止NRTPs导致出口下滑。如美国GSP终止后,受影响国家对美出口降11%;AGOA终止使埃塞俄比亚对美出口年增速降至-10.2%。 4. **毕业与未来挑战**:14个LDCs即将毕业,将失去25个市场的NRTPs资格,模型预测部分国家出口收入损失显著(如欧盟、中国市场)。政策需保障过渡期支持与全球协调。
贸易偏好何去何从? 优惠终止冲击有多大? 如何应对贸易不确定性?
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