兰德公司（RAND）：2026开放模型、软实力与中美AI竞争谱系研究报告（英文版）（20页）.pdf

1、OWEN J.DANIELS,HANNA DOHMENOpen Models,Soft Power,and the Spectrum of U.S.-China Artificial Intelligence CompetitionExpert InsightsPERSPECTIVE ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUEMarch 2026The competition between the United States and China in artificial intelli-gence(AI)is entering a new phase and is increasin

2、gly focused on influenc-ing the global AI ecosystem,and open models are emerging as a critical aspect of soft power.Soft power refers to the ability to exert influence and shape other actors behaviors and preferences through factors other than military strength,such as shared ideology,commercial opp

3、ortunities,or cultural attractive-ness.Our analysis informs the United States open-source AI strategy by first exam-ining the diverging frameworks of the United States and Chinas AI action plans.We evaluate how AI developers in both countries are approaching open models to gain influence.We also off

4、er recommendations for U.S.policymakers to ensure that the United States maintains its technological leadership.We argue that a strategy that emphasizes stronger support for an open-model ecosystem in the United States,a recalibration of export controls,and the creation of incentives for firms to ad

5、opt permissive licensing practices is needed to counter the influence that China hopes to gain through diffusing its technology and tech infrastructure.Beyond the pos-2sibility that China might be seen as the primary champion of sharing AIs benefits globally,particularly in the devel-oping world,the

6、 broad adoption of Chinese open models might collectively lead to AI developers and researchers being locked into using Chinas technology.The United States and the Peoples Republic of Chinas Artificial Intelligence Action PlansAs the releases of the United States and Chinas new AI plans in 2025 sugg