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世界银行:浪费之鉴3.0:面向循环经济的全球固体废弃物管理概览报告(至2050年)(中译版)(384页).pdf

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1、URBAN DEVELOPMENT SERIESWhat a Waste 3.0Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management toward Circularity until 2050Ed Cook,Kremena Ionkova,Perinaz Bhada-Tata,Sonakshi Yadav,and Frank van WoerdenWhat a Waste 3.0Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management toward Circularity until 2050This book,along with an

2、y associated content or subsequent updates,can be accessed at https:/ the QR code to see all titles in this seriesWith Nikola Doychinov,Heather Nichole Hogan,Costas Velis,Tanzir Chowdhury,Caroline Bradley,Silpa Kaza,Rieko Kubota,Ali Abedini,Shiko Hayashi,Nuru Lama,Gianluca Forlani,and Konstantinos V

3、erganelakisURBAN DEVELOPMENT SERIESWhat a Waste 3.0Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management toward Circularity until 2050Ed Cook,Kremena Ionkova,Perinaz Bhada-Tata,Sonakshi Yadav,and Frank van Woerden 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Street NW,Washingt

4、on,DC 20433Telephone:202-473-1000;Internet:www.worldbank.orgSome rights reserved1 2 3 4 28 27 26 25This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions.The findings,interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World B

5、ank,its Board of Executive Directors,or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy,completeness,or currency of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors,omissions,or discrepancies in the information,or liability with respect t

6、o the use of or failure to use the infor-mation,methods,processes,or conclusions set forth.The maps in this report were produced by the Cartography Unit of the World Bank Group.The boundaries,colors,denominations and any other information shown on these maps do not imply,on the part of the World Ban

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1. **全球垃圾管理现状**:2022年全球产生25.6亿吨市政固体废物,预计2050年将增至38.6亿吨(增50%),低收入国家垃圾量将翻倍,撒哈拉以南非洲(增124%)和南亚(增99%)增速最快。 2. **处理与收集差距**:全球仅83%垃圾被收集,低收入国家仅28%;30%垃圾露天倾倒或未收集,低收入国家仅3%在可控设施处理。 3. **塑料与食物 waste**:塑料占全球垃圾12.5%,单次使用塑料占65%;食物 waste占38%,仅6%经堆肥或厌氧消化处理。 4. **成本与融资**:年管理成本超2500亿美元,2050年将达4260亿美元;低收入国家需GDP的0.8%实现基础全覆盖,但当前公共支出不足。 5. **政策与就业**:88%国家有塑料政策,但生产者责任制多限于高收入国家;垃圾行业创造1800万就业岗位(占城市人口0.3%),低收入国家非正式部门占比高。
垃圾危机有多严重? 塑料污染如何解决? 废弃物能变财富吗?
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