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经合组织(OECD):2026奥地利经济调研报告(中译版)(150页).pdf

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1、OECD Economic Surveys:Austria 2026March 2026Volume 2026/9versionlaunchOECD Economic Surveys:Austria2026versionlaunchThis work was approved and declassified by the Economic Development and Review Committee on 23/02/2026.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudice t

2、o the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the OEC

3、D is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republic of TrkiyeThe information in this document with reference to“Cyprus”relates to the southern part of the Island.There is no singlea

4、uthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.Trkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus(TRNC).Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations,Trkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the“Cyprus issue”.Note by all

5、 the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Trkiye.Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.Pleas

6、e cite this publication as:OECD(2026),OECD Economic Surveys:Austria 2026,OECD Publishing,Paris,https:/doi.org/10.1787/7cea027b-en.ISBN 978-92-64-85887-9(print)ISBN 978-92-64-64459-5(PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-44175-0(HTML)OECD Economic SurveysISSN 0376-6438(print)ISSN 1609-7513(online)OECD Economic Surveys:

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1. **经济复苏与财政挑战**:奥地利经历自1945年以来最长的衰退(2023-2024年),GDP连续两年负增长,2024年财政赤字达4.7%。预计2026年GDP增长1.1%,但公共债务高企(87.9% of GDP),老龄化与气候转型加剧长期财政压力。 2. **企业活力下降**:劳动生产率增长乏力,企业进入率下滑,能源成本高企(2022年能源价格冲击)和工资快速上涨削弱竞争力。创新投入高(R&D占GDP 3.3%),但成果转化率低。 3. **住房问题**:房价与租金持续上涨(2015-2024年租金指数增长60%),非营利住房供应不足。需改革财产税(当前税率 OECD 最低)并简化建筑许可流程。 4. **人口老龄化应对**:65岁以上人口占比19.8%(高于OECD平均18.6%),劳动力萎缩。需提高女性和老年就业率(女性就业率70.7%),改革养老金系统(支出占GDP 13.7%,OECD最高),并加强医疗体系效率。
**奥地利经济复苏了吗?** **住房负担力如何改善?** **老龄化如何影响财政?**
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