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ITIF:2026欧洲生物制药行业领导力衰退教训及其复苏尝试研究报告(中译版)(38页).pdf

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1、 itif.org Lessons From Europes Loss of Biopharma Leadership,and Its Attempts to Recover SANDRA BARBOSU,STEPHEN EZELL,AND ESTHER SERGER|MARCH 2026 Europe once led the world in biopharmaceutical innovation,but it lost ground after adopting policies that weakened incentives for R&D and innovation.Ameri

2、ca must learn from Europes experience to preserve its own biopharma leadership and the related economic benefits and access to the most innovative drugs.KEY TAKEAWAYS Europes biopharmaceutical leadership eroded due to detrimental policy choices such as stringent price controls that weakened innovati

3、on incentives.Global leadership then shifted to the United States,which had developed a more supportive environment.Price controls come with major costs.Europes policies led to fewer new drugs,delayed drug launches,reduced R&D investment,and large losses in high-value life sciences jobs.For patients

4、,time to availabilitymeasured from regulatory approval to payer coveragewas longer in 25 of 27 EU countries than in the United States;in 22 of 27 EU countries,median delays for novel treatments exceeded one year.Current U.S.policy proposalsincluding expanded price controls,tariffs on medicines and a

5、ctive pharmaceutical ingredients,erosion of IP protections,and cuts to federal funding for basic researchthreaten the ecosystem underpinning U.S.leadership.Conversely,policies to spur investments in advanced manufacturing,encourage public-private partnerships,and ensure more equitable global cost sh

6、aring can boost innovation without harming patient access or costs.To strengthen its position in biopharmaceuticals,Europe has recently introduced several policy initiatives,including the“Choose Europe”campaign to attract global research talent and reforms in Germany to move away from international

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1. **欧洲生物制药领导地位丧失**:因1980年代起实施严格价格控制(如国际参考定价),导致创新激励减弱。1990-2017年,欧洲制药研发投资增速仅为美国一半,全球创新份额从50%降至18%,美国升至62%。 2. **价格控制的代价**:欧洲患者新药可及性延迟,22/27国中位延迟超1年;2011-2018年,美国新药可及率89%,德国62%,法国48%。欧洲R&D投资减少,1986-2004年少产出46种新药,损失1.68万研发岗位。 3. **美国领导地位基础**:有限价格管制、强IP保护(专利保护加速药物上市)、创新监管(如PDUFA缩短审批时间)及NIH等科研机构支持。 4. **美国政策风险**:IRA价格控制致小分子风险投资降70%;拟削减NIH 40% funding或致年减2种新药;关税将推高药价并引发报复。 5. **欧洲复苏努力**:推出“Choose Europe”吸引人才,改革德国参考定价,加强公私合作(如BBI-JU),目标重建创新生态。
欧洲药企为何衰落? 美国如何避免重蹈覆辙? 药价控制代价几何?
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