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世界银行:2026创新崛起:释放中东欧就业与增长潜力研究报告(中译版)(104页).pdf

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1、RISINGR I S I N GLifting Central and Eastern EuropesJobs and Growth PotentialEU REGULAR ECONOMIC REPORT 11INNOVATIONR I S I N GPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedEU REGULAR ECONOMIC REPORT 11Lifting Central and Eastern Euro

2、pesJobs and Growth PotentialINNOVATIONR I S I N G 2026 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone:202-473-1000 Internet:www.worldbank.org This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank Group with external contributions.

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1. **欧盟经济复苏脆弱**:2024-2025年GDP增长约1%,依赖私人消费和前置出口,但投资疲软(图1.3-1.5),工业产出波动(图1.6),潜在增长率仅2%(图1.9),低于2000-2007年水平。 2. **通胀与货币政策**:欧元区通胀降至2%(2025年8月),ECB快速降息200基点(图1.16-1.17),但货币传导不畅,长期利率仍高。CEE国家通胀分化(罗马尼亚7.1%,波兰3.4%)(图1.14-1.15)。 3. **创新与区域差距**:CEE(如克罗地亚、波兰)增长较快(2.4%,2025年Q2)(图1.2),但创新落后,研发投入低(图2.17-2.18),专利质量差(图2.15),依赖技术采纳而非前沿创新。 4. **结构性挑战**:劳动力市场分化(高技能岗位上升,低技能群体被边缘化)(图1.29-1.31),CEE贫困率高(图1.33),金融体系银行主导,风险资本不足(图2.7, 3.10-3.12)。 5. **政策建议**:需加强企业技术采纳、产学研合作、风险资本支持,并优化监管以平衡AI创新与竞争风险(摘要)。
**创新如何驱动增长?** **欧盟经济复苏前景如何?** **中东欧如何提升竞争力?**
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