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世界银行:2026弥合差距 释放潜能:破解欧洲与中亚地区女性经济机会障碍研究报告(英文版)(61页).pdf

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1、MEND THE GAP,UNLEASH POTENTIALAddressing Barriersto Womens Economic Opportunitiesin Europe and Central AsiaPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedPublic Disclosure AuthorizedTable of ContentUNLEASHING POTENTIAL IN ECA2Abbreviations 7Foreword9Introduction1

2、1PART A:Untapped Potential in the Region13 A.1 Economic Outcomes15 A.1.1 Labor Force Participation15 A.1.2 Entrepreneurship and Leadership in the Private Sector19 A.1.3 Youth Not in Education,Employment or Training 19 A.2 Determinants of Economic Outcomes21 A.2.1 Education21 A.2.2 Access to Credit a

3、nd Productive Assets22 A.2.3 Digital Inclusion25 A.2.4 Care Responsibilities27 A.2.5 Legal and Institutional Frameworks28 A.3 Violence Against Women and Girls32UNLEASHING POTENTIAL IN ECA3PART B:Leveraging WBG Operations to Close Gaps-Projects Illustration35 B.1 Unlocking Womens Economic Potential37

4、 B.1.1.Inclusive Finance for Women:Access,Resilience,and Public Support 37 B.1.1.1 Expanding Womens Access to Credit and Finance38 B.1.1.2 Emergency Financing to Protect WomenLed Firms40 B.1.1.3 Making Public Finance Work for Women Entrepreneurs40 B.1.1.4 Leadership,Data,and Innovation for Inclusive

5、 Finance42 B.1.2.Digital Inclusion:Equipping Women for the Digital Economy44 B.1.3.Social Protection:Removing Barriers and Expanding Support45 B.1.3.1 The role of Targeted Public Programs45 B.1.3.2 Expanding Access Through Inclusive Social Assistance 48 B.1.4.Care:Strengthening Systems to Enable Wom

6、ens Employment49 B.1.5.Strengthening Legal Foundations for Womens Inclusion50 B.1.5.1 Removing Barriers and Ensuring Equal Pay50 B.1.5.2 Advancing Equality through Transparent and Fair Procurement Systems51 B.1.5.3 Increasing Womens Health Access through Prevention Reforms52UNLEASHING POTENTIAL IN E

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1. **经济差距与潜力**:欧洲中亚地区女性劳动参与率显著低于男性(图1),青年女性未就业/未受教育/未培训(NEET)比例更高(图7),关闭就业差距可使该地区人均GDP提升14%。 2. **关键障碍**: - **金融包容**:女性账户拥有率(74%)低于男性(82%),借贷比例差距显著(图11-13)。 - **数字鸿沟**:女性数字支付使用率(62%)低于男性(77%)(图14)。 - **照护负担**:近半数女性因家务劳动退出劳动力市场(图15)。 - **法律与暴力**:虽法律改革进展显著,但执行不足(表1);18%女性曾遭受亲密伴侣暴力(图18)。 3. **解决方案**:世行通过金融包容(如塔吉克斯坦50%贷款保障女性企业)、数字赋能、社会保护及立法改革(如乌克兰“5-7-9”计划目标女性贷款占比25%)等五大战略缩小差距。
女性经济潜力有多大? 如何缩小性别就业差距? 暴力对女性经济有何影响?
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