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经合组织(OECD):2026葡萄牙经济调研报告(中译版)(145页).pdf

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1、OECD Economic Surveys:Portugal 2026January 2026Volume 2026/1versionlaunchOECD Economic Surveys:Portugal2026versionlaunchThis work was approved and declassified by the Economic Development and Review Committee on 08/09/2025.This document,as well as any data and map included herein,are without prejudi

2、ce to the status of or sovereignty overany territory,to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory,city or area.The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities.The use ofsuch data by the

3、 OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights,East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law.Note by the Republic of TrkiyeThe information in this document with reference to“Cyprus”relates to the southern part of the Island.There is no sin

4、gleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island.Trkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus(TRNC).Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations,Trkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the“Cyprus issue”.Note by

5、 all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Trkiye.Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.P

6、lease cite this publication as:OECD(2026),OECD Economic Surveys:Portugal 2026,OECD Publishing,Paris,https:/doi.org/10.1787/025b3445-en.ISBN 978-92-64-96532-4(print)ISBN 978-92-64-75847-6(PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-45176-6(HTML)OECD Economic SurveysISSN 0376-6438(print)ISSN 1609-7513(online)OECD Economic Sur

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1. **经济表现**:葡萄牙2024年GDP增长2.1%,失业率降至历史低点6.4%,公共债务降至93.6% of GDP,但面临人口老龄化和住房可负担性挑战。 2. **财政政策**:需保持财政审慎,通过提高生产率投资和简化税收体系(如减少6.2% of GDP的税收支出)来应对长期老龄化支出压力。 3. **劳动力市场**:技能短缺和人口老龄化加剧,需加强职业培训、激活政策(如针对老年工人)及女性和移民就业。 4. **住房问题**:房价飙升(2015-2024年房价收入比增长显著),需改革建筑许可流程、调整税收(如从交易税转向房产税)并扩大社会住房供给。 5. **气候目标**:需加速脱碳,统一碳价并扩大可再生能源,同时加强气候适应措施(如扩大保险覆盖)。
葡萄牙经济韧性何在? 老龄化如何影响增长? 住房难题如何破解?
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