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图7：.各国数字投资的直接和溢出影响相对于复苏和韧性基金拨款金额（单位：十亿欧元）

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图7：.各国数字投资的直接和溢出影响相对于复苏和韧性基金拨款金额（单位：十亿欧元）_第1页

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图7：.各国数字投资的直接和溢出影响相对于复苏和韧性基金拨款金额（单位：十亿欧元）_第2页

图7：.各国数字投资的直接和溢出影响相对于复苏和韧性基金拨款金额（单位：十亿欧元）_第3页

图7：.各国数字投资的直接和溢出影响相对于复苏和韧性基金拨款金额（单位：十亿欧元）_第4页

图7：.各国数字投资的直接和溢出影响相对于复苏和韧性基金拨款金额（单位：十亿欧元）_第5页

所属报告：

欧盟委员会：2026复苏与韧性机制下数字化举措研究报告：宏观、行业及国别层面的经济影响（英文版）（42页）.pdf

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这些投资。事实上，数字技能的投资高度集中在教育、信息通信技术服务以及计算机/电子制造业，带来了适度的生产率提升和乘数效应。相比之下，公共服务数字化投资被证实具有相对较高的乘数，即使在控制规模效应的情况下也是如此。同时，企业数字化的乘数保持基本稳定，略低于公共服务数字化的乘数，而基础设施数字化的乘数仍然是四个数字十年政策支柱维度中最小的一行业分配在解释乘数差异方面起着关键作用。公共服务数字化投资主要惠及信息通信技术服务部门，而企业数字化投资则主要流向信息通信技术服务、计算机和电子制造业以及研发活动。这些部门的投资往往能带来强劲的生产率提升和高乘数效应。相比之下，数字基础设施投资在很大程度上惠及建筑业，而建筑业的生产率提升和乘数效应往往较低。在欧盟内部2192亿欧元的影响中，1683亿欧元是直接效应，源于一国通过提高国内生产、生产率和就业来实施其自身计划。另有509亿欧元是欧盟内部溢出效应，当某一成员国的计划实施通过贸易在其他成员国产生经济活动时就会出现。随着国家计划增加需求，其中一部分需求通过进口最终和中间商品及服务得到满足，从而为贸易伙伴带来积极的跨境溢出影响。有趣的是，数字投资产生的溢出影响高于复苏和韧性基金总体观察到的水平，突显了数字资本的互联性。虽然欧盟内复苏和韧性基金总影响中约20%来自跨境效应，但这一比例在数字投资中升至23%。在欧盟内部，数字基础设施产生的溢出效应最大（26%），其次是企业数字化（23%）以及技能和公共服务（均为21%）。具体而言，这些欧盟内部溢出效应可以通过从德国、荷兰或意大利的欧盟制造商进口芯片（商品）或从爱尔兰或波兰购买软件（服务）等方式实现。根据各自计划的规模，意大利（567亿欧元）和西班牙（411亿欧元）的整体影响最大，这主要源于其国家计苏与韧性计划中数字投资的行业分配－－对研发领域进行了大量投入，也体现了意大利经济的行业结构（见第5.2节）。在以下国家，直接效应也十分显著

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