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剑桥工业创新政策研究所:2022年英国创新报告(中译版)(100页).pdf

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1、Institute for Manufacturing,University of CambridgeMarch 2022UK INNOVATION REPORT 2022Benchmarking the UKs industrial and innovation performance in a global context2What makes this report different?While numerous sources of data on the topic of innovation exist,the UK Innovation Report aims to make

2、a contribution by bringing together,in a single place,innovation and value-added indicators in a concise and accessible format.The report seeks to demonstrate the value of combiningdifferent types of indicator and data sets to facilitate policy discussions on innovation and industrial performance an

3、d the interplay between them.Instead of structuring the report according to input and output indicators,as is typically done in reviews of innovation activity,the focus has been on bringing together indicators that provide rich quantitative representations that are relevant to the vitality of the UK

4、s innovation activity and its industrial performance in an international context.While the report does not make specific policy recommendations,it does highlight areas where additional evidence and policy action may be required.MotivationTo review the UKs innovation and industrial performance and co

5、mpare it with that of other selected countries;To facilitate discussions on the relation between innovation and sectoral competitiveness;andTo contribute to the evidence base that is available to inform industrial and innovation policy.3Contributors and acknowledgementsContributorsThe contributors t

6、o this report are:Jennifer Castaneda-Navarrete,David Leal-Ayala,Carlos Lpez-Gmez,Michele Palladino and Liz Killen.Technical advice was provided by Ana Rincon-Aznar(National Institute of Economic and Social Research).Research assistance was provided by Maximilian Elsen(Institute for Manufacturing).Co

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本文是《2022年英国创新报告》,主要内容包括: 1. 英国经济结构与表现:过去20年,制造业等高生产力部门在英经济中的比重下降,而建筑业和服务业比重上升。制造业对英经济增长的贡献率为-0.5%,而中国为30%,台湾为40%。 2. 创新投资:英国在研发上的投入低于经合组织平均水平,政府宣布到2026/27年将公共研发投资增加到220亿英镑。英国企业对研发的贡献低于其他一些国家,而高等教育部门在研发中的比重较高。 3. 工业表现:过去十年,英国制药业增加值和生产力显著下降,而汽车制造业增加值和生产力稳步增长。 4. 科学与工程劳动力:英国在科学与工程领域的毕业生比例高于经合组织平均水平,但女性在STEM领域的代表性不足。 5. 净零创新:英国在公共研发预算和净零技术专利方面处于全球领先地位,但相关行业在过去五年中大多呈下降趋势。
英国经济结构变化对生产力有何影响? 英国在研发投资方面与其他国家相比如何? 英国在净零创新方面表现如何?
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